Chronic lung allograft dysfunction: Definition, diagnostic criteria, and approaches to treatment―A consensus report from the Pulmonary Council of the ISHLT

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation - Tập 38 Số 5 - Trang 493-503 - 2019
Geert M. Verleden1, Allan R. Glanville2, Erika D. Lease3, Andrew J. Fisher4, Fiorella Calabrese5, Paul A. Corris4, Christopher R. Ensor6, Jens Gottlieb7, Ramsey R. Hachem8, Vibha N. Lama9, Tereza Martinu10, Desley Neil11, L.G. Singer10, Greg Snell12, Robin Vos1
1Lung Transplant Unit, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
2St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
3Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
4Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS, Foundation Trust and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
5Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Pathological Anatomy Section, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
6Florida Hospital Transplant Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
7Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
8Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Washington University of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
9Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
10Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
11Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
12Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Opelz, 2013, The Collaborative Transplant Study Registry, Transplant Rev, 27, 43, 10.1016/j.trre.2013.01.004

Chambers, 2017, The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-fourth adult lung and heart‒lung transplantation report—2017; Focus theme: Allograft ischemic time, J Heart Lung Transplant, 36, 1047, 10.1016/j.healun.2017.07.016

Cooper, 1993, A working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature and for clinical staging of chronic dysfunction in lung allografts, J Heart Lung Transplant, 12, 713

Estenne, 2002, Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome 2001: an update of the diagnostic criteria, J Heart Lung Transplant, 21, 297, 10.1016/S1053-2498(02)00398-4

Meyer, 2014, ISHLT/ATS/ERS BOS Task Force Committee; ISHLT/ATS/ERS BOS Task Force Committee. An international ISHLT/ATS/ERS clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, Eur Respir J, 44, 1479, 10.1183/09031936.00107514

Palmer, 2000, Gastroesophageal reflux as a reversible cause of allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation, Chest, 118, 1214, 10.1378/chest.118.4.1214

Gerhardt, 2003, Maintenance azithromycin therapy for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome: results of a pilot study, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 168, 121, 10.1164/rccm.200212-1424BC

Verleden, 2004, Azithromycin therapy for patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation, Transplantation, 77, 1465, 10.1097/01.TP.0000122412.80864.43

Pakhale, 2005, Upper lobe fibrosis: a novel manifestation of chronic allograft dysfunction in lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 24, 1260, 10.1016/j.healun.2004.08.026

Sato, 2011, Restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS): a novel form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, J Heart Lung Transplant, 30, 735, 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.712

Glanville, 2010, Bronchoscopic monitoring after lung transplantation, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 31, 208, 10.1055/s-0030-1249117

Verleden, 2014, A new classification system for chronic lung allograft dysfunction, J Heart Lung Transplant, 33, 127, 10.1016/j.healun.2013.10.022

Glanville, 2014, CLAD: does the emperor have new clothes?, Am J Transplant, 14, 2681, 10.1111/ajt.12943

Kapila, 2015, Reliability of diagnostic criteria for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation: a survey, J Heart Lung Transplant, 34, 65, 10.1016/j.healun.2014.09.029

Levine, 2016, Antibody-mediated rejection of the lung: a consensus report of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 35, 397, 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.1223

Glanville, 2017, Physiology of chronic lung allograft dysfunction: back to the future?, Eur Respir J, 49, 10.1183/13993003.00187-2017

Sato, 2013, Progression pattern of restrictive allograft syndrome after lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 32, 23, 10.1016/j.healun.2012.09.026

Verleden, 2011, Survival determinants in lung transplant patients with chronic allograft dysfunction, Transplantation, 92, 703, 10.1097/TP.0b013e31822bf790

Sato, 2012, Revisiting the pathologic finding of diffuse alveolar damage after lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 31, 354, 10.1016/j.healun.2011.12.015

Todd, 2014, Impact of forced vital capacity loss on survival after the onset of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 189, 159, 10.1164/rccm.201306-1155OC

Glanville, 2019, Chronic lung allograft dysfunction: definition and update of restrictive allograft syndrome―a consensus report from the Pulmonary Council of the ISHLT, J Heart Lung Transplant, 38, 483, 10.1016/j.healun.2019.03.008

Ofek, 2013, Restrictive allograft syndrome post lung transplantation is characterized by pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, Mod Pathol, 26, 350, 10.1038/modpathol.2012.171

Miller, 2005, Standardisation of spirometry, Eur Respir J, 26, 319, 10.1183/09031936.05.00034805

de Wall, 2014, Home spirometry as early detector of azithromycin refractory bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients, Respir Med, 108, 405, 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.12.016

Garfield, 2012, Total lung capacity by plethysmography and high-resolution computed tomography in COPD, Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 7

Dettmer, 2017, CT at onset of chronic lung allograft dysfunction in lung transplant patients predicts development of the restrictive phenotype and survival, Eur J Radiol, 94, 78, 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.06.008

Verleden, 2016, Predictors of survival in restrictive chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 35, 1078, 10.1016/j.healun.2016.03.022

Greenland, 2013, Association of large-airway lymphocytic bronchitis with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 187, 417, 10.1164/rccm.201206-1025OC

Neurohr, 2009, Prognostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in stable lung transplant recipients, J Heart Lung Transplant, 28, 468, 10.1016/j.healun.2009.01.014

Verleden, 2014, Elevated bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia correlates with poor outcome after lung transplantation, Transplantation, 97, 83, 10.1097/TP.0b013e3182a6bae2

Mertens, 2011, Bile acids aspiration reduces survival in lung transplant recipients with BOS despite azithromycin, Am J Transplant, 11, 329, 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03380.x

Verleden, 2015, Impact of CLAD phenotype on survival after lung retransplantation: a multicenter study, Am J Transplant, 15, 2223, 10.1111/ajt.13281

Halloran, 2018, Comprehensive outcomes after lung retransplantation: a single-center review, Clin Transplant, 32, e13281, 10.1111/ctr.13281

Vos, 2013, Pirfenidone: a potential new therapy for restrictive allograft syndrome?, Am J Transplant, 13, 3035, 10.1111/ajt.12474

Vos, 2018, Pirfenidone in restrictive allograft syndrome after lung transplantation: a case series, Am J Transplant, 18, 3045, 10.1111/ajt.15019

Suhling, 2016, Nintedanib in restrictive chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 35, 939, 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.1220

Kohno, 2011, Treatment of intractable interstitial lung injury with alemtuzumab after lung transplantation, Transplant Proc, 43, 1868, 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.02.007

Fisher, 2005, The safety and efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation in progressive bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation, Am J Transplant, 5, 537, 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00709.x

Verleden, 2009, Efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation in azithromycin nonresponsive chronic allograft rejection after lung transplantation, Transplant Proc, 41, 1816, 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.03.070

Benden, 2017, Therapy options for chronic lung allograft dysfunction‒bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome following first-line immunosuppressive strategies: a systematic review, J Heart Lung Transplant, 36, 921, 10.1016/j.healun.2017.05.030

Yung, 2015, Lung transplantation and extracorporeal photopheresis: the answer to bronchiolitis obliterans?, Transfus Apher Sci, 52, 162, 10.1016/j.transci.2015.02.003

Greer, 2013, Phenotyping established chronic lung allograft dysfunction predicts extracorporeal photopheresis response in lung transplant patients, Am J Transplant, 13, 911, 10.1111/ajt.12155

Yates, 2005, Azithromycin reverses airflow obstruction in established bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 172, 772, 10.1164/rccm.200411-1537OC

Gottlieb, 2008, Long-term azithromycin for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation, Transplantation, 85, 36, 10.1097/01.tp.0000295981.84633.bc

Jain, 2010, Azithromycin is associated with increased survival in lung transplant recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, J Heart Lung Transplant, 29, 531, 10.1016/j.healun.2009.12.003

Verleden, 2006, Azithromycin reduces airway neutrophilia and interleukin-8 in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 174, 566, 10.1164/rccm.200601-071OC

Corris, 2015, A randomised controlled trial of azithromycin therapy in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) post lung transplantation, Thorax, 70, 442, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205998

Verleden, 2011, Montelukast for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation: a pilot study, Transpl Int, 24, 651, 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01248.x

Ruttens, 2018, A proof of concept: addition of montelukast compared to placebo for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation, PLoS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0193564

Gottlieb, 2016, ALN-RSV01 for prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after respiratory syncytial virus infection in lung transplant recipients, J Heart Lung Transplant, 35, 213, 10.1016/j.healun.2015.08.012

Vital, 2013, Impact of sinus surgery on pseudomonal airway colonization, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and survival in cystic fibrosis lung transplant recipients, Respiration, 86, 25, 10.1159/000339627

Vos, 2011, A randomised controlled trial of azithromycin to prevent chronic rejection after lung transplantation, Eur Respir J, 37, 164, 10.1183/09031936.00068310

Ruttens, 2016, Prophylactic azithromycin therapy after lung transplantation: post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial, Am J Transplant, 16, 254, 10.1111/ajt.13417

Johnson, 2003, Statin use is associated with improved function and survival of lung allografts, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167, 1271, 10.1164/rccm.200205-410OC

Li, 2011, Graft-protective effects of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin after lung transplantation―a propensity score analysis with 23 years of follow-up, Transplantation, 92, 486, 10.1097/TP.0b013e318225670d

Vos, 2017, High-dose vitamin D after lung transplantation: a randomized trial, J Heart Lung Transplant, 36, 897, 10.1016/j.healun.2017.03.008

Glanville, 2015, Three-year results of an investigator-driven multicenter, international, randomized open-label de novo trial to prevent BOS after lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 34, 16, 10.1016/j.healun.2014.06.001

Jaksch, 2014, Alemtuzumab in lung transplantation: an open-label, randomized, prospective single center study, Am J Transplant, 14, 1839, 10.1111/ajt.12824

Treede, 2012, Tacrolimus and cyclosporine have differential effects on the risk of development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome: results of a prospective, randomized international trial in lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 31, 797, 10.1016/j.healun.2012.03.008

Iacono, 2006, A randomized trial of inhaled cyclosporine in lung-transplant recipients, N Engl J Med, 12, 141, 10.1056/NEJMoa043204

Johnson, 2012, Cyclosporine inhalation solution does not improve bronchiolitis obliterans sundrome-free survival following lung transplant: results from the CYCLIST trial, J Heart Lung Transplant, 31, S66, 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.177

Chambers, 2017, Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for chronic lung allograft dysfunction: results of a first-in-man study, Stem Cells Transl Med, 6, 1152, 10.1002/sctm.16-0372

Tikkanen, 2015, Functional outcomes and quality of life after normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 34, 547, 10.1016/j.healun.2014.09.044

Warnecke, 2018, Normothermic ex-vivo preservation with the portable Organ Care System Lung device for bilateral lung transplantation (INSPIRE): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 study, Lancet Respir Med, 6, 357, 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30136-X

Hachem, 2010, Anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies and preemptive antibody-directed therapy after lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 29, 973, 10.1016/j.healun.2010.05.006

Rosenberger, 2017, Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial evaluating a mobile health intervention for self-management in lung transplant recipients, Am J Transplant, 17, 1286, 10.1111/ajt.14062

Voskrebenzev A, Greer M, Gutberlet M, et al. Detection of chronic lung allograft dysfunction using ventilation-weighted Fourier decomposition MRI. Am J Transplant, in press.

Liu, 2018, Baseline lung allograft dysfunction is associated with impaired survival after double-lung transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant, 37, 895, 10.1016/j.healun.2018.02.014

Verleden, 2017, “White-out” after lung transplantation: a multicenter cohort description of late acute graft failure, Am J Transplant, 17, 1905, 10.1111/ajt.14268

Jonigk, 2017, Comparative analysis of morphological and molecular motifs in bronchiolitis obliterans and alveolar fibroelastosis after lung and stem cell transplantation, J Pathol Clin Res, 3, 17, 10.1002/cjp2.60

Berastegui, 2017, BALF cytokines in different phenotypes of chronic lung allograft dysfunction in lung transplant patients, Clin Transplant, 31, 10.1111/ctr.12898

Saito, 2014, Distinct expression patterns of alveolar “alarmins” in subtypes of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, Am J Transplant, 14, 1425, 10.1111/ajt.12718

Saito, 2018, Upregulation of alveolar neutrophil enzymes and long pentraxin-3 in human chronic lung allograft dysfunction subtypes, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 155, 2774, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.02.039

Verleden, 2015, Differential cytokine, chemokine and growth factor expression in phenotypes of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, Transplantation, 99, 86, 10.1097/TP.0000000000000269