Thiếu oxy gián đoạn mãn tính trong chứng ngưng thở khi ngủ tắc nghẽn: Một bài tổng quan từ các con đường bệnh sinh đến phương pháp tiếp cận lâm sàng chính xác

Sleep and Breathing - Tập 24 - Trang 751-760 - 2019
Gonzalo Labarca1,2, Jorge Gower2, Liliana Lamperti2, Jorge Dreyse3, Jorge Jorquera3
1Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
2Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
3Centro de Enfermedades Respiratorias y grupo de estudio trastornos respiratorios del sueño (GETRS), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

Tóm tắt

Hội chứng ngưng thở khi ngủ tắc nghẽn (OSAS) là một tình trạng phổ biến do sự sụp đổ động của đường thở trên trong khi ngủ. Tác động và hậu quả bệnh lý là do thiếu oxy gián đoạn mãn tính (CIH). Thiếu oxy làm tăng biểu hiện của một số dấu hiệu viêm và rối loạn chức năng nội mạch. Các nghiên cứu gần đây cho thấy rằng bệnh nhân có chỉ số AHI tương tự nhưng có tình trạng thiếu oxy mục tiêu nặng trong đêm sử dụng các thông số oxy mét, chẳng hạn như độ bão hòa oxy thấp nhất trong suốt đêm (min SaO2), tỷ lệ thời gian ngủ tổng cộng với độ bão hòa oxy < 90% (T90) hoặc chỉ số thiếu oxy (ODI-3%), thường được báo cáo trong các nghiên cứu giấc ngủ, là dấu hiệu cho sự gia tăng biểu hiện của các dấu hiệu viêm do thiếu oxy nặng trong đêm và CIH so với các đối tượng có OSAS vừa phải đến nặng mà không có tình trạng thiếu oxy nặng trong đêm. Mục tiêu của bài tổng quan này là mô tả các con đường sinh lý liên quan đến OSAS và các hậu quả lâm sàng của chúng, tập trung vào CIH và các thông số oxy mét hiển thị trong nghiên cứu giấc ngủ cũng như tiềm năng của chúng như các dấu hiệu viêm.

Từ khóa

#Chứng ngưng thở khi ngủ #Thiếu oxy gián đoạn mãn tính #Dấu hiệu viêm #Nghiên cứu giấc ngủ #Oximetric

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