Ho cough mãn tính do các yếu tố nghề nghiệp
Tóm tắt
Trong số nhiều loại ho mãn tính, được xác định bởi nguyên nhân lâm sàng hoặc bệnh sinh của chúng, ho mãn tính nghề nghiệp có thể được coi là một trong những hình thức bệnh mà có thể phòng ngừa nhất. Bên cạnh các bệnh lý đường thở tắc nghẽn như hen suyễn hoặc bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mãn tính, đôi khi xảy ra đồng thời với ho mãn tính, bệnh lý đường thở mãn tính này đang ngày càng trở nên quan trọng trong lĩnh vực y học nghề nghiệp, khi mà các bệnh đường thở liên quan đến sợi truyền thống sẽ giảm trong tương lai.
Ngoài các tai nạn cấp tính và các tiếp xúc tình cờ có thể dẫn đến dạng ho cấp tính, còn có rất nhiều nguồn có thể phát triển ho mãn tính trong môi trường làm việc. Trong những năm qua, đã có một số lượng lớn các nghiên cứu tập trung vào các nguyên nhân nghề nghiệp của bệnh lý hô hấp và đã chỉ ra rằng ho mãn tính là một trong những bệnh lý đường thở liên quan đến công việc phổ biến nhất. Những ví dụ nổi bật về các nghề liên quan đến phát triển ho bao gồm thợ mỏ than, thợ mỏ đá cứng, công nhân làm đường hầm hoặc công nhân sản xuất bê tông.
Vì ho mãn tính thường dựa trên nhiều yếu tố không phải nghề nghiệp như khói thuốc lá, nên việc phân tách rõ ràng thành các nguyên nhân nghề nghiệp hoặc cá nhân có thể gặp khó khăn. Tuy nhiên, việc làm rõ sự đóng góp của nghề nghiệp đối với ho mãn tính và triệu chứng ho nói chung, là nguyên nhân thường gặp nhất khiến bệnh nhân tìm đến bác sĩ, có thể dẫn đến việc giảm đáng kể gánh nặng kinh tế - xã hội của căn bệnh này.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
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