Đau mạn tính, sự mất tinh thần mạn tính và vai trò của liệu pháp tâm lý

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy - Tập 46 - Trang 167-177 - 2016
John M. de Figueiredo1, James L. Griffith2
1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Cheshire, USA
2Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University, Washington, USA

Tóm tắt

Bài viết này thảo luận về sự mất tinh thần ở bệnh nhân bị đau mạn tính và vai trò của liệu pháp tâm lý trong việc chống lại sự mất tinh thần mạn tính liên quan đến đau mạn tính. Các lợi ích của khung khái niệm sinh học - tâm lý - xã hội để hiểu biết về đau mạn tính được làm nổi bật. Sự mất tinh thần có thể được xem như một sự kết hợp giữa nỗi khổ và cảm giác không có khả năng chủ quan. Trong khi nỗi khổ mà bệnh nhân trải qua có thể được hiểu và tương ứng với hoàn cảnh, sự đồng thời của cảm giác bất lực (ngược lại với khả năng phục hồi) và sự leo thang đến sự vô vọng có thể dẫn đến những nỗ lực tự sát, yêu cầu trợ tử, hoặc cái chết do tự sát. Độ phức tạp của đau mạn tính và mối quan hệ của nó với sự mất tinh thần có thể được xem xét từ nhiều góc độ khác nhau. Các biến số sinh học, tâm lý, xã hội và văn hóa đóng vai trò khác nhau tùy thuộc vào góc nhìn của người quan sát và bối cảnh của cuộc quan sát. Vai trò của liệu pháp tâm lý trong đau mạn tính có thể được nhìn nhận dưới nhiều con đường mà qua đó ngôn ngữ, phong cách nhận thức, hành vi, mối quan hệ, thái độ đối với cơn đau, và nhận thức về cơ thể làm thay đổi các ảnh hưởng tương đối của quá trình xử lý thông tin từ trên xuống và từ dưới lên trong mạng lưới thần kinh đau. Nhiều can thiệp tâm lý đã được phát triển cho bệnh nhân bị đau mạn tính được xem xét và một số khuyến nghị cho nghiên cứu trong tương lai được đưa ra.

Từ khóa

#đau mạn tính #sự mất tinh thần #liệu pháp tâm lý #mối quan hệ sinh học - tâm lý - xã hội #can thiệp tâm lý

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