Số lượng nhiễm sắc thể, đặc trưng của sự ghép cặp nhiễm sắc thể trong quá trình giảm phân, nguồn gốc và sinh sản tự nhiên ở các cytotype đa bội (4x, 5x và 6x) của Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae) ở dãy Himalaya phía tây bắc (Ấn Độ)

Protoplasma - Tập 251 - Trang 781-795 - 2013
Puneet Kumar1, Pawan K. Rana1, Himshikha1, Vijay Kumar Singhal1, R. C. Gupta1
1Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, India

Tóm tắt

Bất chấp sự hiện diện của đa bội nội loài (2x, 4x, 5x và 6x) trong Agrimonia eupatoria, nguồn gốc của các cytotype này chưa bao giờ được nghiên cứu một cách đầy đủ. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu hiện tại là ghi lại số lượng nhiễm sắc thể ban đầu và mô tả sự ghép cặp nhiễm sắc thể trong quá trình giảm phân và đã phân tách tế bào vi hạt ở cytotype 5x, đồng thời thảo luận về giả thuyết liên quan đến nguồn gốc có thể của các cytotype đa bội (4x, 5x và 6x) trong loài này. Mô hình phân bố địa lý của các cytotype ở dãy Himalaya Ấn Độ và các nơi khác cũng đã được phân tích. Phân tích giảm phân hiện tại đã tiết lộ ba số lượng nhiễm sắc thể, cytotype tứ bội (2n = 4x = 56), cytotype ngũ bội (2n = 5x = 70) và cytotype lục bội (2n = 6x = 84) dựa trên x = 14. Quá trình giảm phân diễn ra hoàn toàn bình thường ở các cytotype 4x và 6x dẫn đến tỷ lệ nảy mầm phấn hoa cao (94–100%). Quá trình giảm phân ở cytotype ngũ bội mất cân bằng đã được phát hiện là không bình thường với sự hiện diện của tần số cao các đơn bội trong giai đoạn phân lập và kỳ biến hình I. Quá trình giảm phân bất thường đã góp phần vào tỷ lệ vô sinh phấn hoa cao (74–88%). Ngay cả những hạt phấn dường như có khả năng nảy mầm/đã nhuộm cũng có hình dạng không đều và kích thước dị thường. Hành vi giảm phân của cytotype 5x gần giống với kiểu của allopolyploid. Các cá thể của cytotype 5x không tạo ra hạt và sinh sản vô tính (các chồi rễ) trong khi các cytotype 4x và 6x sử dụng cả phương pháp sinh sản hữu tính (hạt) cũng như sinh sản vô tính. Sự ghép cặp nhiễm sắc thể trong cytotype ngũ bội giống như điển hình của một allopolyploid và chúng tôi giả định rằng nó có thể đã xuất hiện nhờ sự lai ghép tự nhiên giữa các cytotype 4x và 6x trong một quần thể hỗn hợp. Phân tích mô hình phân bố địa lý của các cytotype cho thấy dãy Himalaya Ấn Độ là khu vực có sự đa dạng cytotype lớn nhất cho A. eupatoria với sự tồn tại của cả bốn cytotype (2x, 4x, 5x, 6x). Điều này cho thấy tính chất năng động của loài ở cấp độ nhiễm sắc thể trong phần thế giới này.

Từ khóa

#Agrimonia eupatoria #đa bội #cytotype #giảm phân #lai ghép tự nhiên #Himalaya #phân bố địa lý

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