Choosing a survey sample when data on the population are limited: a method using Global Positioning Systems and aerial and satellite photographs
Tóm tắt
Various methods have been proposed for sampling when data on the population are limited. However, these methods are often biased. We propose a new method to draw a population sample using Global Positioning Systems and aerial or satellite photographs. We randomly sampled Global Positioning System locations in designated areas. A circle was drawn around each location with radius representing 20 m. Buildings in the circle were identified from satellite photographs; one was randomly chosen. Interviewers selected one household from the building, and interviews were conducted with eligible household members. Participants had known selection probabilities, allowing proper estimation of parameters of interest and their variances. The approach was made possible by recent technological developments and access to satellite photographs.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins DL, Foege WH: Assessment of vaccination coverage, vaccination scar rates, and smallpox scarring in five areas of West Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 1973, 48: 183-194.
World Health Organization: Training for mid-level managers: the EPI coverage survey. WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization, Geneva; 1991, WHO/EPI/MLM/91.10.
Henderson RH, Sundaresan T: Cluster sampling to assess immunization coverage: a review of experience with a simplified sampling method. Bull World Health Organ. 1982, 60: 253-260.
Lemeshow S, Tserkovnyi AG, Tulloch JL, Dowd JE, Lwanga SK, Keja J: A computer simulation of the EPI survey strategy. Int J Epidemiol. 1985, 14: 473-481. 10.1093/ije/14.3.473
Lemeshow S, Robinson D: Surveys to measure programme coverage and impact: a review of the methodology used by the expanded programme on immunization. World Health Stat Q. 1985, 38: 65-75.
Bennett S, Woods T, Liyanage WM, Smith DL: A simplified general method for cluster-sample surveys of health in developing countries. World Health Stat Q. 1991, 44: 98-106.
Brogan D, Flagg EW, Deming M, Waldman R: Increasing the accuracy of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation’s cluster survey design. Ann Epidemiol. 1994, 4: 302-311. 10.1016/1047-2797(94)90086-8
Turner AG, Magnani RJ, Shuaib M: A not quite as quick but much cleaner alternative to the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) cluster survey design. Int J Epidemiol. 1996, 25: 198-203. 10.1093/ije/25.1.198
Milligan P, Njie A, Bennett S: Comparison of two cluster sampling methods for health surveys in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2004, 33: 460-476.
Grais RF, Rose AMC, Guthmann J-P: Don’t spin the pen: two alternative methods for second-stage sampling in urban cluster surveys. Emerg Themes Epidemiol. 2007, 4: 8. 10.1186/1742-7622-4-8
Roberts L: Mortality in eastern DRC: Results from five mortality surveys. International Rescue committee, New York; 2000.
Burnham G, Lafta R, Doocy S, Roberts L: Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey. Lancet. 2006, 368: 1421-28. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69491-9
Iraq Body Count: About the Iraq Body Count project. 2011. http://www.iraqbodycount.org/about/ (6 June 2011, date last accessed).
Iraq Family Health Survey Study Group: Violence-related mortality in Iraqfrom 2002 to 2006. New Engl J Med. 2008, 358: 483-93.
