Chloride‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete
Tóm tắt
The corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete structures induced by chloride ion contamination is a major problem. Deterioration starts with the loss of protection provided by the concrete cover as the result of chloride ingress. This is followed by corrosion initiation and then propagation. Recent advances in models of chloride penetration into concrete, based on mathematical models of the physical transport processes and an analysis of empirical data, have been made. Inhibitive and aggressive properties of solid phases present at the steel which affect corrosion initiation have been identified. Improved methods have been developed to monitor corrosion rates as well as chloride ingress into the concrete cover. An improved understanding of the deterioration processes has led to new developments in repair techniques.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Glass GK, 1996, Modern Matters – Principles and Practice in Conserving Recent Architecture, 101
Buenfeld NR, 1997, 2nd ASCE Monograph on Artificial Neural Networks in Civil Engineering, 77
GlassGK ReddyB&BuenfeldNR.The inhibitive properties of concrete in a chloride containing environment. 14th International Corrosion Congress Cape Town September1999: Paper No. 47.1.
British Standards Institution, 1988, BS 1881, Part 124, The testing of hardened concrete
BamforthPB PriceWF&EmersonM.International review of chloride ingress into structural concrete.TRL Contractor Report359 Transport Research Laboratory Edinburgh Scotland 1997.
Creegan PJ, 1994, Compendium of case‐histories on repair of erosion‐damaged concrete structures, ACI Materials Journal, 91, 408
SmithJL&VirmaniYP. Materials and methods for corrosion control of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures in new construction. Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA‐RD‐00‐081 Washington DC. June2000.
Federal Highway Administration, 1999, FOCUS, 6
BRE Centre for Concrete Construction. Guide to the maintenance repair and monitoring of reinforced concrete structures. DME Report No. 4. Watford UK: Building Research Establishment. May2001.
Page CL, 1983, Pore solution composition and chloride binding capacity of silica‐fume cement pastes, Materials and Structures, 16, 19
Atkins PW, 1994, Physical Chemistry
Zhang J‐Z, 2000, 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Testing and Modelling the Chloride Ingress into Concrete
Kyrota J, 1992, Ions electrodes and membranes
Weber WJ, 1991, Transport processes in porous media, 543
Climent MA, 2000, 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Testing and Modelling the Chloride Ingress into Concrete
Buenfeld NR, 1997, Chloride Penetration into Concrete, Proceedings of the International RILEM Workshop, 302
FaberMH BergeHE TillerI&HallME.Reliability based assessment of offshore concrete structures. Proceedings of the 18th OMAE Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. St Johns Canada 12–15 July 1999.
Breit W, 1998, Concrete Durability, 363
BRE Centre for Concrete Construction, 2000, Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, Part 2, Investigation and assessment
Glass GK, 1997, Chloride Penetration into Concrete, Proceedings of the International RILEM Workshop, 429
Schiessl P, 1997, Laboratory studies and calculations on the influence of crack width on chloride‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 94, 56
Concrete Bridge Development Group, 2000, Testing and monitoring the durability of concrete structures
Gowers KR, 1999, Measurement of concrete resistivity for assessment of corrosion severity of steel using Wenner technique, ACI Materials Journal, 96, 536
John G, 2000, Corrosion 2000
BorcheltR EdwardsM GhorbanpoorA&SalamEA.Magnetic‐based NDE of prestressed and post‐tensioned members – The MFL system.Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA‐RD‐00‐026 Washington DC May2000.
Comité Euro‐International du Béton.Strategies for testing and assessment of concrete structures.Guidance report. Bulletin D'Information No. 243. Lausanne Switzerland: CEB.1992.
McCarterWJ ChrispTM&BasheerPAM.Sensors for condition profiling of cover‐zone concrete. In: Basheer PAM & Sloan TD (eds) COST521: Corrosion of Steel in reinforced concrete structures. Annual Progress Reports. Belfast UK: Queens University. August2000.
McCarter WJ, 2000, Monitoring water and ionic penetration into cover‐zone concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 97, 668
BRE Centre for Concrete Construction, 2000, Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, Part 3, Protection and remediation
Covino BS, 1999, Chemically modified thermal‐spray zinc anodes for galvanic cathodic protection, Materials Performance, 38, 28