Chlorhexidine: Antibacterial action and bacterial resistance

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Walters, T. H., Furr, J. R., Russell, A. D. Antifungal action of chlorhexidine. Microbios. 38 (1983) 195–204.

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El-Falaha, B. M. A., Russell, A. D., Furr, J. R., Rogers, D. T. Activity of benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine diacetate against wild-type and envelope mutants ofEscherichia coli andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Int. J. Pharm. 25 (1985) 329–337.

Russell, A. D., Furr, J. R. Susceptibility of porin- and lipopolysaccharide-deficient strains ofEscherichia coli to some antiseptics and disinfectants. J. Hosp. Infect. 8 (1986) 47–56.

Russell, A. D., Furr, J. R.: Comparative sensitivity of smooth, rough and deep rough strains ofEscherichia coli to chlorhexidine, quaternary ammonium compounds and dibromopropamidine isothionate. Int. J. Pharm. (1987) (in print).

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Russell, A. D., Furr, J. R.: The effect of antiseptics, disinfectants and preservatives on smooth, rough and deep rough strains ofSalmonella typhimurium. Int. J. Pharm. (1986) (in print).

El-Falaha, B. M. A., Rogers, D. T., Furr, J. R., Russell, A. D. Surface changes inPseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to chlorhexidine diacetate and benzalkonium chloride. Int. J. Pharm. 23 (1985) 239–243.

El-Falaha, B. M. A., Rogers, D. T., Russell, A. D., Furr, J. R. Effect of some antibacterial agents on the hydrophobicity of wild-type and envelope mutant ofEscherichia coli. Curr. Microbiol. 12 (1985) 187–190.

El-Moug, T., Rogers, D. T., Furr, J. R., El-Falaha, B. M. A., Russell, A. D. Antiseptic-induced changes in the cell surface of a chlorhexidine-sensitive and a chlorhexidine-resistant strain ofProvidencia stuartii. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 16 (1985) 685–689.

Fisher, R. G., Quintana, R. P., Boulware, M. A. Surface-chemical studies on chlorhexidine and related compounds. I. Effects at air-water, n-hexane-water, and hydroxyapatite-water interfaces. J. Dent. Res. 54 (1975) 20–24.

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Ismaeel, N., Furr, J. R., Russell, A. D.: Reversal of the surface effects of chlorhexidine diacetate on cells ofProvidencia stuartii. J. Appl. Bact. (1986) (in print).

Klemperer, R. M. M., Ismail, N. T. A. J., Brown, M. R. W.: Effect of R-plasmid RPl and nutrient depletion on the resistance ofEscherichia coli to cetrimide, chlorhexidine and phenol. J. Appl. Bacteriol. (1980) 349–357.

Broxton, P., Woodcock, P. M., Heatley, F., Gilbert, P. Interaction of some polyhexamethylene biguanides and membrane phospholipids inEscherichia coli. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 57 (1984) 115–124.

Thomas, B., Stickler, D. J. Chlorhexidine resistance and the lipids ofProvidencia stuartii. Microbios. 24 (1979) 141–150.

El-Moug, T., Furr, J. R., Russell, A. D. Effect of chlorhexidine on a chlorhexidine-sensitive and a chlorhexidine-resistant strain ofProvidencia stuartii. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1 (1985) 37–40.

Ismaeel, N., Furr, J. R., Russell, A. D. Resistance ofProvidencia stuartii to chlorhexidine: A consideration of the role of the inner membrane. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 60 (1986) 361–367.

Lannigan, R., Bryan, L. E. Decreased susceptibility ofSerratia marcescens to chlorhexidine related to the inner membrane. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 15 (1985) 559–565.

Norris, M. J., Rogers, D. T., Russell, A. D. Cell envelope composition and sensitivity ofProteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa andSerratia marcescens to polymyxin and other antibacterial agents. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1 (1985) 3–6.

Sidorczyk, K., Zahringer, U., Rietschel, E. T. Chemical structure of the lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide from aProteus mirabilis Re mutant. Eur. J. Biochem. 137 (1983) 15–22.

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Ahonkhai, I., Pugh, W. J., Russell, A. D. Sensitivity to antimicrobial agents of some mercury-sensitive and mercury-resistant strains of gram-negative bacteria. Curr. Microbiol. 11 (1984) 183–185.

Russell, A. D. The role of plasmids in bacterial resistance to antiseptics, disinfectants and preservatives. J. Hosp. Infect. 6 (1985) 9–19.

Michel-Briand, Y., Laporte, J. M., Bassignot, A., Plesiat, P.: A note on antibiotic resistance plasmids and bactericidal effect of chlorhexidine onEnterobacteriaceae. J. Appl. Bacteriol. (1986) (in print).

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Russell, A. D., Hammond, S. A., Morgan, J. R. Bacterial resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants. J. Hosp. Infect. 7 (1986) 213–225.

Hammond, S. A., Morgan, J. R., Russell, A. D.: Comparative susceptibility of hospital isolates of gram-negative bacteria to antiseptics and disinfectants. J. Hosp. Infect. (1986) (in print).

Pitt, T. L., Gaston, M. A., Hoffman, P. N. In vitro sensitivity of hospital isolates in various bacterial genera to chlorhexidine. J. Hosp. Infect. 4 (1983) 173–176.

Walker, E. M., Lowes, J. A. An investigation ofin vitro methods for the detection of chlorhexidine resistance. J. Hosp. Infect. 6 (1985) 389–397.