Chitosan Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering—An Overview

Marine Drugs - Tập 8 Số 8 - Trang 2252-2266
Jayachandran Venkatesan1, Se‐Kwon Kim2
1Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608–737, Korea
2Pukyong National University

Tóm tắt

Bone contains considerable amounts of minerals and proteins. Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is one of the most stable forms of calcium phosphate and it occurs in bones as major component (60 to 65%), along with other materials including collagen, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate and lipids. In recent years, significant progress has been made in organ transplantation, surgical reconstruction and the use of artificial protheses to treat the loss or failure of an organ or bone tissue. Chitosan has played a major role in bone tissue engineering over the last two decades, being a natural polymer obtained from chitin, which forms a major component of crustacean exoskeleton. In recent years, considerable attention has been given to chitosan composite materials and their applications in the field of bone tissue engineering due to its minimal foreign body reactions, an intrinsic antibacterial nature, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to be molded into various geometries and forms such as porous structures, suitable for cell ingrowth and osteoconduction. The composite of chitosan including hydroxyapatite is very popular because of the biodegradability and biocompatibility in nature. Recently, grafted chitosan natural polymer with carbon nanotubes has been incorporated to increase the mechanical strength of these composites. Chitosan composites are thus emerging as potential materials for artificial bone and bone regeneration in tissue engineering. Herein, the preparation, mechanical properties, chemical interactions and in vitro activity of chitosan composites for bone tissue engineering will be discussed.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Pizzoferrato, A, Cenni, E, Ciapetti, G, Granchi, D, Savarino, L, and Stea, S (2002). Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Wagh, A (2004). Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics: Twenty-First Century Materials with Diverse Applications, Elsevier Science.

Giannoudis, 2005, Bone substitutes: an update, Injury, 36, 20, 10.1016/j.injury.2005.07.029

Wang, 2003, Developing bioactive composite materials for tissue replacement, Biomaterials, 24, 2133, 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00037-1

Iwata, 2005, Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on the femur trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats, Oral Radiol, 21, 19, 10.1007/s11282-005-0023-6

Porporatto, 2009, The biocompatible polysaccharide chitosan enhances the oral tolerance to type II collagen, Clin. Exp. Immunol, 155, 79, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03777.x

Murakami, 2010, Hydrogel blends of chitin/chitosan, fucoidan and alginate as healing impaired wound dressings, Biomaterials, 31, 83, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.031

Madhavan, 1974, Utilization of prawn waste: Isolation of chitin and its conversion to chitosan, Fish. Technol, 11, 50

Shahidi, 2005, Chitin, chitosan, and co products: chemistry, production, applications, and health effects, Adv. Food Nutr. Res, 49, 93, 10.1016/S1043-4526(05)49003-8

Cai, 2006, Enzymatic preparation of chitosan from the waste Aspergillus niger mycelium of citric acid production plant, Carbohydr. Polymers, 64, 151, 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.11.004

Kim, 2005, Enzymatic production and biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS): A review, Carbohydr. Polymers, 62, 357, 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.08.012

No, 1995, Preparation and characterization of chitin and chitosan—A Review, J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol, 4, 27, 10.1300/J030v04n02_03

Je, 2005, Water soluble chitosan derivatives as a BACE1 inhibitor, Bioorg. Med. Chem, 13, 6551, 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.004

Jeon, 2000, Preparation of chitin and chitosan oligomers and their applications in physiological functional foods, Food Rev. Int, 16, 159, 10.1081/FRI-100100286

Sittinger, 2005, Chitosan: A versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue-engineering, Biomaterials, 26, 5983, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.03.016

Matthew, 2000, Application of chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering: a review, Biomaterials, 21, 2589, 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00126-5

Ueno, 2001, Topical formulations and wound healing applications of chitosan, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev, 52, 105, 10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00189-2

Hu, 2004, Preparation and characterization of biodegradable chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite rods via in situ hybridization: a potential material as internal fixation of bone fracture, Biomaterials, 25, 779, 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00582-9

Madihally, 1999, Porous chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering, Biomaterials, 20, 1133, 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00011-3

Austin, 2007, Scaffold Design: Use of Chitosan in cartilage tissue engineering, MMG 445 Basic Biotech. eJ, 3, 62

Teng, 2009, Chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite composite membranes via dynamic filtration for guided bone regeneration, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A, 88, 569, 10.1002/jbm.a.31897

Chen, 2002, Preparation and characterization of nano sized hydroxyapatite particles and hydroxyapatite/chitosan nano-composite for use in biomedical materials, Mater. Lett, 57, 858, 10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00885-6

Zhang, 2008, Electrospun biomimetic nanocomposite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/chitosan for bone tissue engineering, Biomaterials, 29, 4314, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.038

Xianmiao, 2009, Properties and in vitro biological evaluation of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan membranes for bone guided regeneration, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 29, 29, 10.1016/j.msec.2008.05.008

Kong, 2005, Preparation and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite scaffolds, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A, 75A, 275, 10.1002/jbm.a.30414

Manjubala, 2008, Growth of osteoblast like cells on biomimetic apatite-coated chitosan scaffolds, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A: Appl. Biomater, 8, 7, 10.1002/jbm.b.30838

Misra, 2009, Biomimetic chitosan–nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, Acta Biomater, 5, 1182, 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.025

Oliveira, 2006, Novel hydroxyapatite/chitosan bilayered scaffold for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications: Scaffold design and its performance when seeded with goat bone marrow stromal cells, Biomaterials, 27, 6123, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.07.034

Ding, 2007, Biodegradation behavior of chitosan/calcium phosphate composites, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 353, 2367, 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.04.020

Yamaguchi, 2001, Preparation and microstructure analysis of chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites, J. Biomed. Mater. Res, 55, 20, 10.1002/1097-4636(200104)55:1<20::AID-JBM30>3.0.CO;2-F

Kim, 2006, Bioactive compounds from marine processing byproducts-A review, Food Res. Int, 39, 383, 10.1016/j.foodres.2005.10.010

Nath, 2009, Nanoindentation response of novel hydroxyapatite-mullite composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 513–514, 197, 10.1016/j.msea.2009.02.052

Wang, 2009, Synthesis and evaluation of collagen-chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for bone grafting, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A, 89, 1079, 10.1002/jbm.a.32087

Wang, 2002, Bone repair in radii and tibias of rabbits with phosphorylated chitosan reinforced calcium phosphate cements, Biomaterials, 23, 4167, 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00153-9

Kuo, 2006, Effect of genipin-crosslinked chitin-chitosan scaffolds with hydroxyapatite modifications on the cultivation of bovine knee chondrocytes, Biotechnol. Bioeng, 95, 132, 10.1002/bit.21007

Pena, 2006, Room temperature synthesis of chitosan/apatite powders and coatings, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc, 26, 3631, 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.12.028

Madhumathi, 2009, Wet chemical synthesis of chitosan hydrogel-hydroxyapatite composite membranes for tissue engineering applications, Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 45, 12, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.03.011

Liuyun, 2009, A novel composite membrane of chitosan-carboxymethyl cellulose polyelectrolyte complex membrane filled with nano-hydroxyapatite I. Preparation and properties, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med, 20, 1645

Li, 2006, Biomimetic synthesis of the composites of hydroxyapatite and chitosan–phosphorylated chitosan polyelectrolyte complex, Mater. Lett, 60, 3533, 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.03.046

Verma, 2008, Effect of Biopolymers on structure of hydroxyapatite and interfacial interactions in biomimetically synthesized hydroxyapatite/biopolymer nanocomposites, Ann. Biomed. Eng, 36, 1024, 10.1007/s10439-008-9483-2

Davidenko, 2010, Chitosan/apatite composite beads prepared by in situ generation of apatite or Si-apatite nanocrystals, Acta Biomater, 6, 466, 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.07.029

Murugan, 2004, Bioresorbable composite bone paste using polysaccharide based nano hydroxyapatite, Biomaterials, 25, 3829, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.016

Zhang, 2004, Cell growth and function on calcium phosphate reinforced chitosan scaffolds, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med, 15, 255

Ehrlich, 2006, Chitosan membrane as a template for hydroxyapatite crystal growth in a model dual membrane diffusion system, J. Membr. Sci, 273, 124, 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.11.050

Redepenning, 2003, Electrochemical preparation of chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite coatings on titanium substrates, J. Biomed. Mater. Res, 66, 411, 10.1002/jbm.a.10571

Pang, 2005, Electrodeposition of composite hydroxyapatite–chitosan films, Mater. Chem. Phys, 94, 245, 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.04.040

Huang, 2008, Electrochemistry assisted reacting deposition of hydroxyapatite in porous chitosan scaffolds, Mater. Lett, 62, 3376, 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.03.045

Pang, 2009, Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite–CaSiO3– chitosan composite coatings, J. Colloid Interface Sci, 330, 323, 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.10.070

Pang, 2007, Electrophoretic deposition of composite hydroxyapatite-chitosan coatings, Mater. Charact, 58, 339, 10.1016/j.matchar.2006.05.011

Yuan, 2008, Experimental study of natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite on reconstructing bone defects, J. Nanjing Med. Univ, 22, 372, 10.1016/S1007-4376(09)60009-5

Manjubala, 2006, Mineralisation of chitosan scaffolds with nano-apatite formation by double diffusion technique, Acta Biomater, 2, 75, 10.1016/j.actbio.2005.09.007

Matsuda, 2004, Preparation and mechanical property of core-shell type chitosan/calcium phosphate composite fiber, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 24, 723, 10.1016/j.msec.2004.08.047

Li, 2005, Preparation and in vitro investigation of chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composite used as bone substitute materials, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med, 16, 213, 10.1007/s10856-005-6682-3

Li, 2002, Bioabsorbable chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite rod for internal fixation of bone fracture prepared by in situ precipitation, Acta Polym. Sin, 6, 828

Aronow, 1990, Factors that promote progressive development of the osteoblast phenotype in cultured fetal rat calvaria cells, J. Cell. Physiol, 143, 213, 10.1002/jcp.1041430203

Li, 2008, Bioactivity of a Novel Nano composite of hydroxyapatite and chitosan phosphorylated chitosan polyelectrolyte complex, J. Bioact. Compat. Polym, 23, 520, 10.1177/0883911508097370

Xu, 2005, Fast setting calcium phosphate–chitosan scaffold: mechanical properties and biocompatibility, Biomaterials, 26, 1337, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.04.043

Zhang, 2003, Calcium phosphate chitosan composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, Tissue Eng, 9, 337, 10.1089/107632703764664800

Mukherjee, 2003, An animal evaluation of a paste of chitosan glutamate and hydroxyapatite as a synthetic bone graft material, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B: Appl. Biomater, 67, 603, 10.1002/jbm.b.10050

Kikuchi, 2004, Biomimetic synthesis of bone like nanocomposites using the self-organization mechanism of hydroxyapatite and collagen, Compos. Sci. Technol, 64, 819, 10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.09.002

Ajayan, 2001, Applications of carbon nanotubes, Carbon Nanotubes, 80, 391, 10.1007/3-540-39947-X_14

Samal, 2008, Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites-A Review, J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng, 7, 355

Wang, 2005, Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes Composites, Biomacromolecules, 6, 3067, 10.1021/bm050378v

Usui, 2008, Carbon nanotubes with high bone-tissue compatibility and bone-formation acceleration effects, Small, 4, 240, 10.1002/smll.200700670

Terada, 2009, Development of a multiwalled carbon nanotube coated collagen dish, Dental Mater. J, 28, 82, 10.4012/dmj.28.82

Liu, 2005, Decoration of carbon nanotubes with chitosan, Carbon, 43, 3178, 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.06.020

Lau, 2008, Conductive macroporous composite chitosan carbon nanotube scaffolds, Langmuir, 24, 7004, 10.1021/la8005597

Qiu, 2008, Preparation of porous chitosan/carbon nanotubes film modified electrode for biosensor application, Microchim. Acta, 162, 57, 10.1007/s00604-007-0871-3

Kumar, 2010, Conductive bio polymer nano composites (CPC): Chitosan carbon nanotube transducers assembled via spray layer by layer for volatile organic compound sensing, Talanta, 81, 908, 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.01.036

Ozarkar, 2008, pH and electrical actuation of single walled carbon nanotube/chitosan composite fibers, Smart Mater. Struct, 17, 055016, 10.1088/0964-1726/17/5/055016

Spinks, 2006, Mechanical properties of chitosan/CNT microfibers obtained with improved dispersion, Sens. Actuat. B: Chem, 115, 678, 10.1016/j.snb.2005.10.047

Zanello, 2006, Bone cell proliferation on carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett, 6, 562, 10.1021/nl051861e

Zhang, 2009, Cell Behaviors on polysaccharide wrapped single wall carbon nanotubes: A quantitative study of the surface properties of biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds, ACS Nano, 3, 3200, 10.1021/nn9006362

Pulskamp, 2006, Oops they did it again! carbon nanotubes hoax scientists in viability assays, Nano Lett, 6, 1261, 10.1021/nl060177c

Spitalsky, 2010, Carbon nanotube polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties, Prog. Polym. Sci, 35, 357, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.09.003

Ganapathy, 2008, Preparation of poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate functionalized carbon nanotubes as novel biomaterial nanocomposites, Eur. Polym. J, 44, 579, 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.12.009