Các hợp chất chitosan trong kỹ thuật mô xương - Tổng quan
Tóm tắt
Xương chứa một lượng đáng kể khoáng chất và protein. Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] là một trong những dạng ổn định nhất của phosphate canxi và nó là thành phần chính (60 đến 65%) trong xương, cùng với các vật liệu khác như collagen, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate và lipid. Trong những năm gần đây, những tiến bộ đáng kể đã được thực hiện trong lĩnh vực cấy ghép nội tạng, tái tạo phẫu thuật và việc sử dụng các vật liệu giả để điều trị sự mất mát hoặc thất bại của một cơ quan hoặc mô xương. Chitosan đã đóng vai trò chính trong kỹ thuật mô xương trong hai thập kỷ qua, là một polymer tự nhiên thu được từ chitin, vốn là thành phần chính của lớp vỏ giáp xác. Gần đây, một sự chú ý đáng kể đã được dành cho các vật liệu composite chitosan và các ứng dụng của chúng trong lĩnh vực kỹ thuật mô xương do phản ứng cơ thể lạ tối thiểu, tính chất kháng khuẩn nội tại, khả năng tương thích sinh học, khả năng phân hủy sinh học và khả năng được đúc thành nhiều hình dạng và kiểu dáng khác nhau như cấu trúc xốp, phù hợp cho sự phát triển của tế bào và sự dẫn truyền xương. Hợp chất của chitosan bao gồm hydroxyapatite rất phổ biến do tính chất phân hủy sinh học và khả năng tương thích sinh học. Gần đây, polymer tự nhiên chitosan được ghép với ống nano carbon đã được kết hợp để tăng cường độ bền cơ học của các hợp chất này. Các hợp chất chitosan do đó đang nổi lên như những vật liệu tiềm năng cho xương giả và tái tạo xương trong kỹ thuật mô. Bài báo này sẽ thảo luận về sự chuẩn bị, các tính chất cơ học, tương tác hóa học và hoạt tính in vitro của các hợp chất chitosan cho kỹ thuật mô xương.
Từ khóa
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