Chinese Migrant Workers’ Care Experiences: A Model of the Mediating Roles of Filial Piety
Tóm tắt
Filial piety is a highly relevant cultural mechanism that mediates the impacts of caregiving experiences on Chinese adult children, worldwide but perhaps especially in rural China. We undertook qualitative research with 24 migrant workers who were caring for an elderly parent diagnosed with terminal cancer. Research aims included building a comprehensive explanatory theoretical model for filial piety’s mediating role in caregivers’ lived experiences. We undertook a culturally sensitive Foucauldian discourse analysis of data, which showed that filial piety can not only function as a positive resource but also (mainly) translate to a requirement for secrecy, including about an ill parent’s prognosis and the need for support for caregivers. The findings challenge the extent of this secrecy and the burdens it places on caregivers. Policy makers should take account of the importance of filial piety and its mediating role both as a resource and hindrance to providing support to caregivers.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abeles N., Victor T. L., Delano-Wood L. (2004). The impact of an older adult’s death on the family. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35(3), 234–239. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.35.3.234
Aires M., Mocellin D., Dal Pizzol F. L. F., Bierhals C. C. B. K., Chappell N. L., de Morais E. P., Paskulin L. M. G. (2019). Association between attitudes of filial responsibility and parent caregiving behavior. Educational Gerontology, 45(3), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2019.1600844
Albany N. Y. (2013, April 22). China aged care industry & rare earth industry 2012-2015 new market research report. Researchmoz. http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/4/prweb10655868.htm
Andersen N. A. (2003). Discursive analytical strategies: Understanding Foucault, Koselleck, Laclau, Luhmann. Policy Press, 14(1), 50–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/095792650501600207
Aranguren M. (2017). Reconstructing the social constructionist view of emotions: From language to culture, including nonhuman culture. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 47(2), 244–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12132
Bourdieu P. (1989). Social space and symbolic power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/202060
Burnette D., Fei S. (2013). A comparative review of grandparent care of children in the US and china. Ageing International, 38(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-012-9174-z
Chadda R. K. (2014). Caring for the family caregivers of persons with mental illness. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 56, 221–227. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.140616
Chan C. L. W., Ho A. H. Y., Leung P. P. Y., Chochinov H. M., Neimeyer R. A., Pang S. M. C., Tse D. M. W. (2012). The blessings and the curses of filial piety on dignity at the end-of-life: Lived experience of Hong Kong Chinese adult children caregivers. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 21, 277–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2012.729177
Chen W., Zheng R., Baade P. D., Zhang S., Zeng H., Bray F., Jemal A., Yu X. Q., He J. (2016). Cancer statistics in China, 2015. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 66(2), 115–132. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15424863
Corlett J. A. (2016). Responsibility. The Journal of Ethics, 20(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-016-9221-1
DeJonckheere M., Vaughn L. M. (2019). Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: A balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2), Article e000057. https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2018-000057
Ebrahimi H., Seyedfatemi N., Namdar Areshtanab H., Ranjbar F., Thornicroft G., Whitehead B., Rahmani F. (2018). Barriers to family caregivers’ coping with patients with severe mental illness in Iran. Qualitative Healthuni, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973231875864
Feinberg L. F., 2019, Generations, 43, 73
Feng Y., 1995, 中国哲学史
Foucault M., 1972, The archaeology of knowledge: And the discourse on language
Foucault M., 1980, Language, counter-memory, practice: Selected essays and interviews
Foucault M., 2012, The history of sexuality, Vol. 3: The care of the self
Funk L. M., Chappell N. L., Liu G. (2013). Associations between filial responsibility and caregiver well-being: Are there differences by cultural group? Research on Aging, 35(1), 78–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027511422450
Goldblatt H., Granot M., Zarbiv E. (2018). “Death lay here on the sofa”: Reflections of young adults on their experience as caregivers of parents who died of cancer at home. Qualitative Health Research, 5, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318800676
Jiang Y., 2014, Jiang Huai Forum, 266, 126
Khalaila R., Litwin H. (2011). Does filial piety decrease depression among family caregivers? Aging & Mental Health, 15(6), 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.569479
Li C. Y., Yu K. C. (2018). Filial piety as a protective factor against burden experienced by family caregivers of diabetic patients in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 9(2), 186–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507686.2018.1493517
Li M., Dong X. Q. (2019). Filial discrepancy and mortality among community-dwelling older adults: A prospective cohort study. Aging and Mental Health, (2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1653261
Luo C., 2013, 中国古代孝道资料选编
Luo Y. (2018). 建筑业中农民工缴纳个人所得税存在的问题 [Problems existing in the payment of individual income tax by peasant workers in construction industry]. Modern Economic Information, (22), Article 259. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-828X.2018.33.205
Ng H. Y., Ng H. Y., Grave K., Lim H. A., Lim H. A., Tan J. Y. S., Mahendran R. (2016). The burden of filial piety: A qualitative study on caregiving motivations amongst family caregivers of patients with cancer in Singapore. Psychology & Health, 31(11), 1293–1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2016.1204450
Pan Y., 2017, Journal of Transcultural Nursing Official, 28, 1
Park H. J. (2015). Legislating for filial piety: an indirect approach to promoting family support and responsibility for older people in Korea. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 27, 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2015.1024536
Pearlin L. I., Mullan J. T., Semple S. J., Skaff M. M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. Gerontologist, 30, 583–594. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/30.5.583
Pizzo P., 2015, Dying in America: Improving quality and honoring individual preferences near the end-of-life
Rolland J. (2005). Cancer and the family: An integrative model. Cancer, Supplement: Cancer Survivorship: Resilience across the Lifespan, 104, 2584–2595. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21489
Rozario P. (2011). “He was your father, he raised you”: Examining helping professionals’ narratives on filial piety in Singapore. Qualitative Social Work, 11(6), 661–676. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325011413000
Sandstedt P., Littorin S., Cröde G. W., Johansson S., Gottberg K., Ytterberg C., Olsson M., Holmqvist L. W., Kierkegaard M. (2018). Caregiver experience, health-related quality of life and life satisfaction among informal caregivers to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27, 23–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14593
Shi W., 2019, Cancer Development, 271
Song Z., 2015, Social Science Frontline, 2, 9
St. André J. (2018). Consequences of the conflation of xiao and filial piety in English. Translation and Interpreting Studies, 13(2), 293–316. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.00017.sta
Streid J., Harding R., Agupio G., Dinat N., Downing J., Gwyther L., Ikin B., Mashao T., Mmoledi K., Moll A. P., Sebuyira L. M., Higginson I. J., Selman L. (2014). Stressors and resources of caregivers of patients with incurable progressive illness in Sub-Saharan Africa. Qualitative Health Research, 24(3), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732314523682
Ugalde A., Krishnasamy M., Schofield P. (2012). Role recognition and changes to self-identity in family caregivers of people with advanced cancer: A qualitative study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 20(6), 1175–1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1194-9
Wang Y. (2016). 农村空巢老人居家养老保障模式与对策 [Rural “empty nest” elders home care model and strategy]. People’s Forum, 3, 144–146. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-3381.2016.08.046
Wen X. (2017). 孝道在我国农村养老中功能弱化的原因及对策 [The reason and solution for weakening functionality of filial piety in rural aged care] [Doctoral dissertation]. North University of China.
Willig C., 2001, Introducing qualitative research in psychology: Adventures in theory and method
Wodak R., 2016, Methods of critical discourse studies
Xu J., He L., Chen H. (2019). Balancing instrumental rationality with value rationality: Towards avoiding the pitfalls of the productivist ageing policy in the EU and the UK. European Journal of Ageing, 4, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-019-00527-9
Xu Y., 2016, Journal China Nursing, 51, 819
Zeng Z., 2012, Philosophy and Culture, 39, 149