Childhood Obesity

Ng, 2014, Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Lancet, 384, 766, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

Ogden, 2014, Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011–2012, JAMA, 311, 806, 10.1001/jama.2014.732

Roberts, 2012, Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey, Health Rep, 23, 37

Ogden, 2012, Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999–2010, JAMA, 307, 483, 10.1001/jama.2012.40

Skinner, 2014, Prevalence and trends in obesity and severe obesity among children in the United States, 1999–2012, JAMA Pediatr, 168, 561, 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.21

UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. 2012. Available at: http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates/en/. Accessed July 11, 2014.

Serdula, 1993, Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature, Prev Med, 22, 167, 10.1006/pmed.1993.1014

Dinsdale, 2011

Shields, 2010, Canadian childhood obesity estimates based on WHO, IOTF and CDC cut-points, Int J Pediatr Obes, 5, 265, 10.3109/17477160903268282

Dietitians of Canada, 2010, Promoting optimal monitoring of child growth in Canada: using the new WHO growth charts, Can J Diet Pract Res, 71, e1, 10.3148/71.1.2010.54

Plourde, 2006, Preventing and managing pediatric obesity. Recommendations for family physicians, Can Fam Physician, 52, 322

Han, 2010, Childhood obesity, Lancet, 375, 1737, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60171-7

Speiser, 2005, Childhood obesity, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90, 1871, 10.1210/jc.2004-1389

Dietz, 2005, Clinical practice. Overweight children and adolescents, N Engl J Med, 352, 2100, 10.1056/NEJMcp043052

Reynolds, 2013, What is the evidence in humans that DNA methylation changes link events in utero and later life disease?, Clin Endocrinol, 78, 814, 10.1111/cen.12164

Luca, 2012, Complex obesity, Curr Pediatr Rev, 8, 179, 10.2174/157339612800681316

Darmasseelane, 2014, Mode of delivery and offspring body mass index, overweight and obesity in adult life: a systematic review and meta-analysis, PLoS One, 9, e87896, 10.1371/journal.pone.0087896

Neu, 2011, Cesarean versus vaginal delivery: long-term infant outcomes and the hygiene hypothesis, Clin Perinatol, 38, 321, 10.1016/j.clp.2011.03.008

Kramer, 2009, A randomized breast-feeding promotion intervention did not reduce child obesity in Belarus, J Nutr, 139, 417S

Bagchi, 2010

Leunissen, 2009, Timing and tempo of first-year rapid growth in relation to cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in early adulthood, JAMA, 301, 2234, 10.1001/jama.2009.761

Whitaker, 1998, Early adiposity rebound and the risk of adult obesity, Pediatrics, 101, E5, 10.1542/peds.101.3.e5

Timlin, 2008, Breakfast eating and weight change in a 5-year prospective analysis of adolescents: project EAT (Eating Among Teens), Pediatrics, 121, e638, 10.1542/peds.2007-1035

Wansink, 2014, Dinner rituals that correlate with child and adult BMI, Obesity, 22, E91, 10.1002/oby.20629

Active Healthy Kids Canada, 2014

Wahi, 2011, Effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing screen time in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 165, 979, 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.122

Miller, 2004, Childhood obesity, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 4211, 10.1210/jc.2004-0284

Lustig, 2003, Autonomic dysfunction of the beta-cell and the pathogenesis of obesity, Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 4, 23, 10.1023/A:1021819318484

Vaisse, 2000, Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity, J Clin Invest, 106, 253, 10.1172/JCI9238

Farooqi, 2006, Genetics of obesity in humans, Endocr Rev, 27, 710, 10.1210/er.2006-0040

Hamilton, 2011, Hypothalamic obesity following craniopharyngioma surgery: results of a pilot trial of combined diazoxide and metformin therapy, Int J Pediatr Endocrinol, 2011, 417949, 10.1155/2011/417949

Prince, 2014, Predictors of metabolically healthy obesity in children, Diabetes Care, 37, 1462, 10.2337/dc13-1697

Alberti, 2009, Circulation, 120, 1640, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644

Ford, 2008, Defining the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: will the real definition please stand up?, J Pediatr, 152, 160, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.07.056

Friend, 2013, The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children: a systematic review of the literature, Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 11, 71, 10.1089/met.2012.0122

Nicklas, 2002, Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins from childhood to dyslipidemia in adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study, Int J Sports Med, 23, S39, 10.1055/s-2002-28460

Juhola, 2011, Tracking of serum lipid levels, blood pressure, and body mass index from childhood to adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, J Pediatr, 159, 584, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.03.021

Urbina, 1999, Association of fasting blood sugar level, insulin level, and obesity with left ventricular mass in healthy children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study, Am Heart J, 138, 122, 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70256-5

US Department of Health and Human Services, 2010, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of abnormal lipid levels among youths: United States, 1999–2006, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 59, 2

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2011, Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report, Pediatrics, 128, S213

2004, The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents, Pediatrics, 114, 555, 10.1542/peds.114.2.S2.555

Din-Dzietham, 2007, High blood pressure trends in children and adolescents in national surveys, 1963 to 2002, Circulation, 116, 1488, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683243

Hansen, 2007, Underdiagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents, JAMA, 298, 874, 10.1001/jama.298.8.874

Pettitt, 2014, Prevalence of diabetes in U.S. youth in 2009: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study, Diabetes Care, 37, 402, 10.2337/dc13-1838

Amed, 2010, Type 2 diabetes, medication-induced diabetes, and monogenic diabetes in Canadian children: a prospective national surveillance study, Diabetes Care, 33, 786, 10.2337/dc09-1013

Dabelea, 2007, Incidence of diabetes in youth in the United States, JAMA, 297, 2716, 10.1001/jama.297.24.2716

Sinha, 2002, Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity, N Engl J Med, 346, 802, 10.1056/NEJMoa012578

Hannon, 2005, Childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, Pediatrics, 116, 473, 10.1542/peds.2004-2536

Legro, 2013, Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 98, 4565, 10.1210/jc.2013-2350

Dokras, 2014, Are young adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome slipping through the healthcare cracks?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 99, 1583, 10.1210/jc.2013-4190

Shahar, 2001, Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163, 19, 10.1164/ajrccm.163.1.2001008

Narang, 2012, Sleep disturbance and cardiovascular risk in adolescents, CMAJ, 184, E913, 10.1503/cmaj.111589

Gordon, 2006, Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in morbidly obese children with tibia vara, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 88, 100, 10.1302/0301-620X.88B1.16918

Murray, 2008, Changing incidence of slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a relationship with obesity?, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 90, 92, 10.1302/0301-620X.90B1.19502

Nead, 2004, Overweight children and adolescents: a risk group for iron deficiency, Pediatrics, 114, 104, 10.1542/peds.114.1.104

Schwimmer, 2003, Health-related quality of life of severely obese children and adolescents, JAMA, 289, 1813, 10.1001/jama.289.14.1813

Latzer, 2013, A review of the psychological and familial perspectives of childhood obesity, J Eat Disord, 1, 7

US Preventive Services Task Force, 2010, Screening for obesity in children and adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement, Pediatrics, 125, 361, 10.1542/peds.2009-2037

Freedman, 2009, The validity of BMI as an indicator of body fatness and risk among children, Pediatrics, 124, S23, 10.1542/peds.2008-3586E

August, 2008, Prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline based on expert opinion, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93, 4576, 10.1210/jc.2007-2458

Sharma, 2009, A proposed clinical staging system for obesity, Int J Obes, 33, 289

Padwal, 2011, Using the Edmonton obesity staging system to predict mortality in a population-representative cohort of people with overweight and obesity, CMAJ, 183, E1059, 10.1503/cmaj.110387

Singhal, 2007, Evaluation and management of childhood and adolescent obesity, Mayo Clin Proc, 82, 1258, 10.4065/82.10.1258

Barlow, 2007, Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report, Pediatrics, 120, S164, 10.1542/peds.2007-2329C

Woolford, 2011, Results from a clinical multidisciplinary weight management program, Clin Pediatr, 50, 187, 10.1177/0009922810384845

Canadian Obesity Network. CON. 5As for Pediatrics. Available at: http://www.obesitynetwork.ca/5As. Accessed August 1, 2014.

Rueda-Clausen, 2014, Effect of implementing the 5As of Obesity Management framework on provider–patient interactions in primary care, Clin Obes, 4, 39, 10.1111/cob.12038

Oude Luttikhuis, 2009, Interventions for treating obesity in children, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 10.1002/14651858.CD001872.pub2

Janicke, 2014, Systematic review and meta-analysis of comprehensive behavioral family lifestyle interventions addressing pediatric obesity, J Pediatr Psychol, 39, 809, 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu023

Dunican, 2007, Pharmacotherapeutic options for overweight adolescents, Ann Pharmacother, 41, 1445, 10.1345/aph.1K022

Hsia, 2012, Adolescent bariatric surgery, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 166, 757, 10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1011

Austin, 2013, Psychological assessment of the adolescent bariatric surgery candidate, Surg Obes Relat Dis, 9, 474, 10.1016/j.soard.2012.12.004

Behrens, 2011, Early results of a Canadian laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy experience, Can J Surg, 54, 138, 10.1503/cjs.041209

Waters, 2011, Interventions for preventing obesity in children, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 10.1002/14651858.CD001871.pub3

Ontario Healthy Kids Panel. No time to wait: the healthy kids strategy. Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Reports. 2013. Available at: http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/common/ministry/publications/reports/healthy_kids/healthy_kids.aspx. Accessed July 23, 2014.

Krebs, 2003, Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity, Pediatrics, 112, 424, 10.1542/peds.112.2.424

Daniels, 2011, Reduction of risk for cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents, Circulation, 124, 1673, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.016170

Strauss, 2000, Prevalence of abnormal serum aminotransferase values in overweight and obese adolescents, J Pediatr, 136, 727

Schwimmer, 2010, SAFETY study: alanine aminotransferase cutoff values are set too high for reliable detection of pediatric chronic liver disease, Gastroenterology, 138, 1357, 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.052

Chalasani, 2012, The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association, Hepatology, 55, 2005, 10.1002/hep.25762

Marcus, 2012, Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, Pediatrics, 130, e714, 10.1542/peds.2012-1672

Narang, 2012, Childhood obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, J Nutr Metab, 2012, 134202

American Diabetes Association, 2014, Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014, Diabetes Care, 37, S14, 10.2337/dc14-S014

Lau, 2007, 2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children [summary], CMAJ, 176, S1, 10.1503/cmaj.061409

Birken, 2014, Obesity in a young child, CMAJ, 186, 443, 10.1503/cmaj.130238

Tremblay, 2011, New Canadian physical activity guidelines, Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 36, 36, 10.1139/H11-009

O'Brien, 2010, Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in severely obese adolescents: a randomized trial, JAMA, 303, 519, 10.1001/jama.2010.81

Black, 2013, Bariatric surgery for obese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Obes Rev, 14, 634, 10.1111/obr.12037

Alqahtani, 2012, Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in 108 obese children and adolescents aged 5 to 21 years, Ann Surg, 256, 266, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e318251e92b

Zeller, 2011, Two-year trends in psychosocial functioning after adolescent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, Surg Obes Relat Dis, 7, 727, 10.1016/j.soard.2011.01.034