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Kết hôn thiếu niên trong số người tị nạn Somali tại Ethiopia: một khảo sát cắt ngang về các cô gái vị thành niên và phụ nữ trưởng thành
Tóm tắt
Mặc dù kết hôn ở trẻ em đã nhận được sự chú ý ngày càng tăng trong hai thập kỷ qua, nhưng nghiên cứu về vấn đề này trong các bối cảnh nhân đạo vẫn còn khan hiếm. Nghiên cứu này nhằm định lượng tình trạng kết hôn ở các cô gái vị thành niên Somalia cư trú tại trại tị nạn Kobe ở Ethiopia và xác định các yếu tố liên quan và hậu quả của nó. Một khảo sát cắt ngang được thực hiện bằng cách sử dụng mẫu phân cụm nhiều giai đoạn với xác suất tỷ lệ thuận với kích thước. Chúng tôi đã chọn ngẫu nhiên các hộ gia đình có ít nhất một phụ nữ từ 15–49 tuổi và ít nhất một cô gái vị thành niên từ 10–19 tuổi. Ngoài việc tính toán tỷ lệ kết hôn dưới 18 tuổi, chúng tôi đã sử dụng các phương pháp sống sót – cụ thể là biểu đồ Kaplan Meier và mô hình nguy cơ tương đối Cox – để xác định các yếu tố rủi ro liên quan đến kết hôn ở trẻ em trong bối cảnh này. Chúng tôi cũng đã sử dụng thống kê mô tả để mô tả sở thích về độ tuổi kết hôn ở phụ nữ trưởng thành và đưa ra các chỉ số quan trọng về sức khỏe sinh sản và tình dục trong số các cô gái vị thành niên đã kết hôn. Tổng cộng có 603 phụ nữ lớn tuổi đã được khảo sát và một danh sách hộ gia đình đã được tạo ra với thông tin về 3319 thành viên trong hộ gia đình, trong đó có 522 cô gái vị thành niên từ 15–19 tuổi. Trong số đó, 14% hiện đang kết hôn (Khoảng tin cậy [CI] 95% 0.11–0.18), và 11% đã từng kết hôn dưới 18 tuổi (CI 95% 8–15%). Một số biến số đã được phát hiện có liên quan đáng kể đến mối nguy cơ kết hôn trẻ em, bao gồm giáo dục, giới tính và tình trạng việc làm của người đứng đầu hộ gia đình, cũng như số lượng cô gái dưới 18 tuổi trong gia đình thời thơ ấu. Phụ nữ trưởng thành có xu hướng xác định sai độ tuổi tối thiểu hợp pháp để kết hôn và ưa thích độ tuổi kết hôn thấp cho cả trai và gái – đặc biệt trong các hộ gia đình có cô dâu trẻ em. Trong số các cô gái vị thành niên đã kết hôn, tỷ lệ sử dụng biện pháp tránh thai rất thấp (11%; CI 95% 4.94–22.40), và việc sinh con sớm là phổ biến (60%; CI 95% 45.56–72.89). Nghiên cứu này góp phần vào cơ sở bằng chứng về tình trạng kết hôn trẻ em trong bối cảnh nhân đạo. Những thông tin thu được từ nghiên cứu này có tiềm năng để thông báo các chương trình và can thiệp nhằm ngăn chặn và giảm thiểu tác động của thực hành có hại này.
Từ khóa
#kết hôn trẻ em #Somalia #trại tị nạn #sức khỏe sinh sản #khảo sát cắt ngangTài liệu tham khảo
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