Chemo-sensitisation of HeLa cells to Etoposide by a Benzoxazine in the absence of DNA-PK inhibition

Willmore E, Frank AJ, Padget K, Tilby MJ, Austin CA (1998) Etoposide targets topoisomerase IIa and IIb in leukemic cells: isoform-specific cleavable complexes visualized and quantified in situ by a novel immunofluorescence technique. Mol Pharmacol 53:78–85

Wilmore E, Sd C, Sunter NJ, Tilby MJ, Jackson GH, Austin CA, Durkacz BW (2004) A novel DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitoe, NU7026, potentiates the cytotoxicity of topoisomerase II poisons used in the treatment of leukemia. Blood 103(12):4659–4665

Tanaka THH, Traganos F, Seiter K, Darzynkiewicz Z (2007) Induction of ATM activation, histone H2AX phosphorylation and apoptosis by etoposide. Relation to cell cycle phase. Cell Cycle 6(3):6

Karlsson-Rosenthal C, Millar JBA (2006) Cdc25: mechanisms of checkpoint inhibition and recovery. Trends Cell Biol 16(6):285–292

Gabrielli B, Brooks K, Pavey S (2012) Defective cell cycle checkpoints as targets for anti-cancer therapies. Front Pharmacol 3

Alexander BM, Pinnell N, Wen PY, D’Anrea A (2012) Targeting DNA repair and the cell cycle in gliolastoma. J Neuron Oncolocy 107:463–477

Kawabe T (2004) G2 checkpoint abrogators as anticancer drugs. Mol Cancer Ther 3(4):513–519

Kung G, Konstantinidis K, Kitsis RN (2011) Programed necrosis, not apoptosis, in the heart. Circ Res 108:1017–1036

Munck JM, Batey MA, Zhao Y, Jenkins H, Richardson CJ, Cano C, Tavecchio M, Barbeau J, Bardos J, Cornell L, Griffin RJ, Menear K, Slade A, Thommes P, Martin NM, Newell DR, Smith GC, Curtin NJ (2012) Chemosensitization of cancer cells by KU-0060648, a dual inhibitor of DNA-PK and PI-3K. Mol Cancer Ther 11(8):1789–1798

Griffin RJ, Fontana G, Golding BT, Guiard S, Hardcastle IR, Leahy JJJ, Martin N, Richardson C, Rigoreau L, Stockley M, Smith GCM (2005) Selective benzopyranone and pyrimido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase: synthesis, structure-activity studies, and radiosensitization of a human tumor cell line in vitro. J Med Chem 48:569–585

Ding J, Miao Z-H, Meng L-H, Geng M-Y (2006) Emerging cancer therapeutic opportunities target DNA-repair systems. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27(6):338–344

Martin SA, Lord CJ, Ashworth A (2008) DNA repair deficiency as a therapeutic target in cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 18(1):80–86

Sánchez-Pérez I (2006) DNA repair inhibitors in cancer treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 8(9):642–646

Veuger SJ, Curtin NJ, Richardson CJ, Smith GC, Durkacz BW (2003) Radiosensitization and DNA repair inhibition by the combined use of novel inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Can Res 63(18):6008–6015

Hosoya N, Miyagawa K (2009) Clinical importance of DNA repair inhibitors in cancer therapy. Memo 2(1):9–14

Workman P, Clarke PA, Raynaud FI, van Montfort RL (2010) Drugging the PI3 kinome: from chemical tools to drugs in the clinic. Can Res 70(6):2146–2157

Sarbassov DD, Guertin DA, Ali SM, Sabatini DM (2005) Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the Rictor-mTOR complex. Science 307(5712):1098–1101

Chiosis G, Rosen N, Sepp-Lorenzino L (2001) LY294002-geldanamycin heterodimers as selective inhibitors of the PI3K and PI3K-related family. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 11(7):909–913

Lee CM, Fuhrman CB, Planelles V, Peltier MR, Gaffney DK, Soisson AP, Dodson MK, Tolley HD, Green CL, Zempolich KA (2006) Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition by LY294002 radiosensitizes human cancer cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 12(1):250–256

Freshney RI (1992) Animal cell culture: a practical approach. IRL Press at Oxford University Press

MacPhail SH, Banath JP, Yu TY, Chu EHM, Lambur H, Olive PL (2003) Expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX in culture cell lines following exposure to X-rays. Int J Radiat Biol 79(5):351–358

Riccardi C, Nicoletti I (2006) Analysis of apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Nat Protoc 1(3):1458–1461

Ihmaid S, Al-Rawi J, Bradley C, Angove MJ, Robertson MN, Clark RL (2011) Synthesis, structural elucidation, DNA-PK inhibition, homology modelling and anti-platelet activity of morpholino-substituted-1,3-naphth-oxazines. Bioorg Med Chem 19(13):3983–3994

Ihmaid SK, Al-Rawi JMA, Bradley CJ, Angove MJ, Robertson MN (2012) Synthesis, DNA-PK inhibition, anti-platelet activity studies of 2-(N-substituted-3-aminopyridine)-substituted-1,3-benzoxazines and DNA-PK and PI3K inhibition, homology modelling studies of 2-morpholino-(7,8-di and 8-substituted)-1,3-benzoxazines. Eur J Med Chem 57:85–101

Clapham KM, Bardos J, Finlay MRV, Golding BT, Griffen EJ, Griffin RJ, Hardcastle IR, Menear KA, Ting A, Turner P (2011) DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitors: structure–activity relationships for O-alkoxyphenylchromen-4-one probes of the ATP-binding domain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 21(3):966–970

Lock RB, Stribinskiene L (1996) Dual modes of death induced by etoposide in human epithelial tumor cells allow Bcl-2 to inhibit apoptosis without affecting clonogenic survival. Cancer Res 56:4006–4012

Kao J, Lavaf A, Lan C-H, Fu S (2010) Inhibition of γ-H2AX after ionizing radiation as a biological surrogate of impaired upstream DNA damage signaling and radiosensitivity. J Cancer Mol 5(2):49–54

Banáth JP, Olive PL (2003) Expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX as a surrogate of call killing by drugs that create DNA double-strand breaks. Cancer Res 63:4347–4350

Celeste A, Fernandez-Capetillo O, Kruhlak MJ, Pilch DR, Staudt DW, Lee A, Bonner RF, Bonner WM, Nussenzweig A (2003) Histone H2AX phosphyrlation is dispensable for the inital recognition of DNA breaks. Nat Cell Biol 5(7):675–679

Collins I, Garrett MD (2005) Targeting the cell division cycle in cancer: CDK and cell cycle checkpoint kinase inhibitors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 5(4):366–373

de Klein A, Muijtjens M, van Os R, Verhoeven Y, Smit B, Carr AM, Lehmann AR, Hoeijmakers JHJ (2000) Targeted disruption of the cell-cycle checkpoint gene ATR leads to early embryonic lethality in mice. Curr Biol 10(8):479–482

Yves P (2004) Camptothecins and topoisomerase I: a foot in the door. Targeting the genome beyond topoisomerase I with camptothecins and novel anticancer drugs: importance of DNA replication, repair and cell cycle checkpoints. Curr Med Chem Anti Cancer Agents 4(5):429–434

Schwartz GK, Shah MA (2005) Targeting the cell cycle: a new approach to cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 23(36):9408–9421

Bai Y, Mao Q-Q, Qin J, Zheng X-Y, Wang Y-B, Yang K, Shen H-F, Xie L-P (2010) Resveratrol induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human T24 bladder cancer cells in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Sci 101(2):488–493. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01415.x

Johnstone RW, Ruefli AA, Lowe SW (2002) Apoptosis: a link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy. Cell 108(2):153–164

Shieh S-Y, Ikeda M, Taya Y, Prives C (1997) DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53 alleviates inhibition by MDM2. Cell 91(3):325–334

Banin S, Moyal L, Shieh S-Y, Taya Y, Anderson CW, Chessa L, Smorodinsky NI, Prives C, Reiss Y, Shiloh Y, Ziv Y (1998) Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage. Science 281(5383):1674–1677

Schuler M, Green D (2001) Mechanisms of p53-dependent apoptosis. Biochem Soc Trans 29(6):684–687

Chipuk J, Green D (2006) Dissecting p53-dependent apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 13(6):994–1002

Reinhardt HC, Aslanian AS, Lees JA, Yaffe MB (2007) p53-deficient cells rely on ATM- and ATR-mediated checkpoint signaling through the p38MAPK/MK2 pathway for survival after DNA damage. Cancer Cell 11(2):175–189

Skorski T (2007) DNA damage-dependent apoptosis. In: Srivastava R (ed) Apoptosis, cell signaling, and human diseases. Humana Press, pp 263–272

Kastan MB, Bartek J (2004) Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer. Nature 432:316–323

Manke IA, Nguyen A, Lim D, Stewart MQ, Elia AEH, Yaffe MB (2005) MAPKAP kinase-2 is a cell cycle checkpoint kinase that regulates the G2/M transition and S phase progression in response to UV irradiation. Mol Cell 17(1):37–48

Roos WP, Kaina B (2006) DNA damage-induced cell death by apoptosis. Trends Mol Med 12(9):440–450

Thornton TM, Rincon M (2009) Non-classical P38 map kinase functions: cell cycle checkpoints and survival. Int J Biol Sci 5(1):44–52

Dolado I, Nebreda AR (2008) Regulation of tumorigenesis by p38α MAP kinase. Stress Activated Protein Kinases Top Curr Genet 20:99–128

Mikhailov A, Patel D, McCance DJ, Rieder CL (2007) The G2 p38-mediated stress-activated checkpoint pathway becomes attenuated in transformed cells. Curr Biol 17(24):2162–2168

Weber HO, Ludwig RL, Morrison D, Kotlyarov A, Gaestel M, Vousden KH (2005) HDM2 phosphorylation by MAPKAP kinase 2. Oncogene 24(12):1965–1972

Mebratu Y, Tesfaigzi Y (2009) How ERK1/2 activation controls cell proliferation and cell death is subcellular localization the answer? Cell Cycle 8(8):1168–1175

Meloche S, Pouyssegur J (2007) The ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as a master regulator of the G1-to S-phase transition. Oncogene 26(22):3227–3239

Balmanno K, Cook S (2009) Tumour cell survival signalling by the ERK1/2 pathway. Cell Death Differ 16(3):368–377