Chemical denudation and silicate weathering in Himalayan glacier basins: Batura Glacier, Pakistan

Anderson, 1997, Chemical weathering in glacial environments, Geology, 25, 399, 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0399:CWIGE>2.3.CO;2 Berner, 1989, Modelling the geochemical carbon cycle, Scientific American, 260, 74, 10.1038/scientificamerican0389-74 Berner, 1983, The carbonate–silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years, American Journal of Science, 283, 641, 10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 Blum, 1998, Carbonate versus silicate weathering in the Raikot watershed within the High Himalayan Crystalline Series, Geology, 26, 411, 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0411:CVSWIT>2.3.CO;2 Brown, 1994, The impact of post-mixing chemical reactions on the major ion chemistry of bulk meltwaters draining the Haut Glacier D'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland, Hydrological Processes, 8, 465, 10.1002/hyp.3360080509 Collins, 1995, Runoff and sediment transport from glacierised basins at the Himalayan scale, IAHS Publications No. 226, 17 Collins, 1996, Solute fluxes in meltwaters draining from glacierised high mountain basins, 728 Desio, 1974, Karakoram mountains, Geological Society of London Special Paper No. 4, 254 Fairchild, 1994, Hydrochemistry of carbonate terrains in alpine glacial settings, ESPL, 19, 33 Ferguson, 1984, Sediment load of the Hunza river, vol. 2, 581 Ferguson, 1987, Accuracy and precision of methods for estimating river loads, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 12, 95, 10.1002/esp.3290120111 France-Lanord, 1997, Organic carbon burial forcing of the carbon cycle from Himalayan erosion, Nature, 390, 65, 10.1038/36324 Gaillardet, 1999, Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers, Chemical Geology, 159, 3, 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00031-5 Galy, 1999, Weathering processes in the Ganges–Brahmaputra basin and the riverine alkalinity budget, Chemical Geology, 159, 31, 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00033-9 Gibbs, 1994, Global chemical erosion during the last glacial maximum and the present: sensitivity to changes in lithology and hydrology, Paleoceanography, 9, 529, 10.1029/94PA01009 Gı́slason, 1996, Chemical weathering in southwest Iceland: effects of runoff, age of rocks and vegetative/glacial cover, American Journal of Science, 296, 837, 10.2475/ajs.296.8.837 Goddéris, 1996, Balancing the Cenozoic carbon and alkalinity cycles: constraints from isotopic records, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 3743, 10.1029/96GL03575 Goudie, 1984, Geomorphology, vol. 2, 359 Harris, 1998, The significance of Himalayan rivers for silicate weathering rates: evidence from the Bhote Kosi tributary, Chemical Geology, 144, 205, 10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00132-0 Hasholt, 2000, Hydrology and geochemistry of river-borne material in a high arctic drainage system, Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland, Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 32, 84, 10.2307/1552413 Hasnain, 1999, Controls on the major-ion chemistry of the Dokriani Glacier meltwaters, Ganga Basin, Garwhal Himalaya, Journal of Glaciology, 45, 87, 10.1017/S0022143000003063 Hasnain, 1999, Discharge and suspended sediment concentration of meltwaters draining from the Dokriani Glacier, Garwhal Himalaya, India, Journal of Hydrology, 218, 191, 10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00033-5 Hasnain, 1989, Chemical characteristics and suspended sediment load of meltwaters from a Himalayan Glacier in India, Journal of Hydrology, 106, 99, 10.1016/0022-1694(89)90168-6 Hodson, 2000, Contemporary rates of chemical denudation and atmospheric CO2 sequestration in glacier basins: an Arctic perspective, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 25, 1447, 10.1002/1096-9837(200012)25:13<1447::AID-ESP156>3.0.CO;2-9 Holland, 1978 Krishnaswami, 1998, Silicate and carbonate weathering in drainage basins of the Ganga–Ghagara–Indus head waters: contributions to major ion and Sr isotope geochemistry, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth and Planetary Sciences), 107, 283 Lyons, W.B., Meyewski, P.A., Ahmed, N., 1981. Acidity of recent Himalayan snow. Proceedings of the Eastern Snow Conference, 38th Annual Meeting, Syracuse, NY, pp. 49–56. McCauley, 1997, The marine 87Sr/86Sr and d18O records, Himalayan alkalinity fluxes and Cenozoic climate models, 428 Meybeck, 1979, Global chemical weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads, American Journal of Science, 287, 401, 10.2475/ajs.287.5.401 Nijampurkar, 1993, Chemical composition of snow and ice from Chhota–Shigri Glacier, Central Himalaya, Journal of Hydrology, 151, 19, 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90246-6 Pande, 1994, The Indus river system (India–Pakistan): major ion chemistry, uranium and Sr isotopes, Chemical Geology, 116, 245, 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90017-5 Raiswell, 1984, Solute acquisition in glacial meltwaters I: Fjallsjokull (south east Iceland): bulk meltwaters with closed system characteristics, Journal of Glaciology, 30, 35, 10.1017/S0022143000008467 Raymo, 1992, Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate, Nature, 359, 117, 10.1038/359117a0 Sarin, 1989, Major ion chemistry of the Ganga–Brahamaputra river system: weathering processes and fluxes to the Bay of Bengal, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 997, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90205-6 Sharp, 1995, Rates of chemical denudation and CO2 drawdown in a glacier-covered alpine catchment, Geology, 23, 61, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0061:ROCDAC>2.3.CO;2 Sharp, 2002, Strontium isotope composition of runoff from a glaciated carbonate terrain, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta., 66, 595, 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00798-0 1993, 429 Singh, 1998, Major ion chemistry and weathering control in a high altitude basin: Alaknanda River, Garhwal Himalaya, India, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 43, 825, 10.1080/02626669809492181 Singh, 1998, Chemical and strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotopic compositions of carbonates from the Lesser Himalaya: implications to the strontium isotope composition of the source waters of the Ganga, Ghagara and Indus rivers, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 743, 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00381-5 Skidmore, 2000, Microbial life beneath a High Arctic Glacier, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, 3214, 10.1128/AEM.66.8.3214-3220.2000 Tranter, 1993, A conceptual model of solute acquisition by Alpine glacial meltwaters, Journal of Glaciology, 39, 573, 10.1017/S0022143000016464 Tranter, 2002, Glacial bicarbonate, sulphate and base cation fluxes during the last glacial cycle and their potential impact upon atmospheric CO2 Turekian, 1956, The geochemistry of Strontium, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 10, 245, 10.1016/0016-7037(56)90015-1 Walling, 1981, The reliability of suspended sediment load data, IAHS Publications No. 133, 177