Chemical Recycling of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol and Dimethyl Ether: From Greenhouse Gas to Renewable, Environmentally Carbon Neutral Fuels and Synthetic Hydrocarbons

Olah G. A., 2005, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 44, 2636, 10.1002/anie.200462121

Olah G. A., 2006, Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy

Olah G. A., 2003, Chem. Eng. News, 5, 10.1021/cen-v081n038.p005

Olah G. A., 2004, Catal. Lett., 93, 1, 10.1023/B:CATL.0000017043.93210.9c

Olah, G. A.InChemical Research − 2000 and Beyond: Challenges and Vision;Barkan, P., Ed.American Chemical Society:Washington DC, andOxford University Press:Oxford, 1998; p40.

Olah, G. A.InPartnership for Global Ecosystem Management: Science, economics and Law, 5th Annual World Bank Conference;Serageldin, I.; Martin-Brown, J., Eds.Washington DC, 1998, p65.

Campbell C. J., 1988, The Coming Oil Crisis

Proceedings of the High Level Conference on World Food Security: The Challenges of Climate Change and Bioenergy. Soaring Food Prices: Facts, Perspectives, Impacts and Actions Required (HLC/08/INF/1); Conference organized by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 3−5 June, 2008.

Searchinger T., 2008, Science, 319, 1238, 10.1126/science.1151861

Fargione J., 2008, Science, 319, 1235, 10.1126/science.1152747

Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report; International Panel on Climate Change

Cheng W.-H., 1994, Methanol Production and Use

Marsden S. S., 1983, Annu. Rev. Energy, 8, 333, 10.1146/annurev.eg.08.110183.002001

Stiles A. B., 1977, AIChE J., 23, 362, 10.1002/aic.690230321

Fiedler, E.; Grossmann, G.; Kersebohm, D. B.; Weiss, G.; Witte, C.Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th ed.Wiley-VCH:Weinheim, 2003; Vol.21, p611.

Weissermel K., 2003, Industrial Organic Chemistry, 10.1002/9783527619191

Harvey-Smith L., 2008, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 384, 719, 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12737.x

2001, Methanol in Fuel Cell Vehicles: Human Toxicity and Risk Evaluation (Revised)

Methanol, Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) 196

1988, Alcohols and Ethers - A Technical Assessment of Their Application as Fuels and Fuel Components

Methanol Fuels and Fire Safety

Produção de Autoveículos por Tipo e Combustível - 2008; ANFAVEA - Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores, Sep 2008.

Arcoumanis C., 2008, Fuel, 87, 1014, 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.06.007

2000, Robust Summary for Dimethyl Ether

Paas M., 1998, Safety Assessment of DME Fuel Addendum

Ohno Y., 2007, DME Handbook

McGrath K. M., 2004, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 10, 1063

Surampudi S., 1994, J. Power Sources, 47, 377, 10.1016/0378-7753(94)87016-0

Surampudi, S.; Narayanan, S. R.; Vamos, E.; Frank, H.; Halpert, G.; Prakash, G. K. S.; Olah, G. A.Liquid Feed Organic Fuel Cells Using Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membrane. US Pat. 5,599,638, 1997.

Im J.-Y., 2008, J. Power Sources, 179, 301, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.046

Cai K.-D., 2008, Electrochem. Commun., 10, 238, 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.11.035

Keil F. J., 1999, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 29, 49, 10.1016/S1387-1811(98)00320-5

Stöcker M., 1999, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 29, 3, 10.1016/S1387-1811(98)00319-9

Olah, G. A.Bifunctional Acid-Base Catalyzed Conversion of Heterosubtituted Methanes into Olefins. US Patent 4,373,109, 1983.

Olah G. A., 1984, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 2143, 10.1021/ja00319a039

Tabak S. A., 1986, AIChE J., 32, 1526, 10.1002/aic.690320913

2007, BP Statistical Review of World Energy

Kochloefl, K.InHandbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis;Ertl, G.; Knözinger, H.; Weitkamp, J., Eds.Wiley-VCH:Weinheim, 1997; Vol.4, p1819.

Hansen, J. B.InHandbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis;Ertl, G.; Knözinger, H.; Weitkamp, J., Eds.;Wiley-VCH:Weinheim, 1997; Vol.4, p1856.

Olah, G. A.; Aniszfeld, R.Method for Producing Methanol, Dimethyl Ether, Derived Synthetic Hydrocarbons and their Products from Carbon Dioxide and Water (Moisture) of the Air as Sole Source Material. US Patent 7,378,561, 2008.

Olah, G. A.; Prakash, G. K. S.Recycling of Carbon Dioxide into Methyl Alcohol and Related Oxygenates for Hydrocarbons. US Pat. 5,928,806, 1999.

Olah, G. A.; Prakash, G. K. S.Efficient and Selective Chemical Recycling of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Derived Products. US Pat. Appl. 2007254969, 2007.

Olah, G. A.; Prakash, G. K. S.Efficient and Selective Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Derived Products. US Pat. Appl. 20060235091, 2006.

Goehna H., 1994, CHEMTECH

Saito M., 1998, Catal. Surv. Jpn., 2, 175, 10.1023/A:1019082525994

2003, Commercial-Scale Demonstration of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH TM) Process: Final Report

Shulenberger, A. M.; Jonsson, F. R.; Ingolfsson, O.; Tran, K.C.Process for Producing Liquid Fuel from Carbon Dioxide and Water. US Patent Appl. 2007/0244208A1, 2007.

Tremblay J.-F., 2008, Chem. Eng. News, 86, 13

Saito M., 2004, Catal. Surv. Asia, 8, 285, 10.1007/s10563-004-9119-y

Saito M., 1998, Catal. Surv. Jpn., 2, 175, 10.1023/A:1019082525994

Saito M., 2000, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 14, 763, 10.1002/1099-0739(200012)14:12<763::AID-AOC98>3.0.CO;2-4

An X., 2007, Catal. Lett., 118, 264, 10.1007/s10562-007-9182-x

Ostrovskii V. E., 2002, Catal. Today, 77, 141, 10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00241-9

Rozovskii A. Y., 2003, Topics Catal., 22, 137, 10.1023/A:1023555415577

Xiaoding X., 1996, Energy Fuels, 10, 305, 10.1021/ef9501511

2001, IPCC Third Assessment Report: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis

Essenhigh R. H., 2001, Chemical Innovation, 44

Kyoto Protocol; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1998.

Kohl A., 1997, Gas Purification

Olah, G. A.; Goeppert, A.; Meth, S.; Prakash, G. K. S.Nano-Structure Supported Solid Regenerative Polyamine and Polyamine Polyol Absorbents for the Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Gas Mixtures Including the Air. Int. Pat. Appl. 2008021700, 2008.

Millward A. R., 2005, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 17998, 10.1021/ja0570032

Banerjee R., 2008, Science, 319, 939, 10.1126/science.1152516

Specht, M.; Bandi, A.InForschungsverbund Sonnenenergie, Themen 1994−1995,Energiespeicherung, 1995; p, 41.

Asinger F., 1987, Methanol, Chemie- und Energierohstoff. Die Mobilisation der Kohle

Pasel, J.; Peters, R.; Specht, M.InForschungsverbund Sonnenenergie, Themen 1999−2000;Zukunftstechnologie Brennstoffzelle:Berlin, Germany, 2000; p, 46.

Specht M., “The Methanol Cycle” - Sustainable Supply of Liquid Fuels

Weimer T., 1996, Energy Convers. Mgmt., 37, 1351, 10.1016/0196-8904(95)00345-2

Lackner K. S., 1999, SourceBook, 57, 6

Schuler S. S., 1995, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 20, 653, 10.1016/0360-3199(95)00007-Z

Martin J. F., 2007, Green Freedom - A Concept for Producing Carbon-Neutral Synthetic Fuels and Chemicals, LA-UR-07-7897

Simbeck D. R., 2002, Hydrogen Supply: Cost Estimate for Hydrogen Pathways - Scoping Analysis

Ivy J., 2004, Summary of Electrolytic Hydrogen Production, Milestone Completion Report, NREL/MP-560-35948

2004, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells; Review of National R&D Programs

2008, Key World Energy Statistics 2008

2004, The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers and R&D Needs; National Research Council and National Academy Engineering

Steinberg M., 1999, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 24, 771, 10.1016/S0360-3199(98)00128-1

Halmann M. M., 1999, Greenhouse Gas Carbon Dioxide Mitigation

Bradford M. C. J., 1999, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 41, 1, 10.1081/CR-100101948

Holm-Larsen H., 2001, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 136, 441, 10.1016/S0167-2991(01)80343-8

Ross J. R. H., 2005, Catal. Today, 100, 151, 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.044

Seddon D., 2006, Gas Usage & Value: The Technology and Economics of Natural Gas Use in the Process Industries

Steeneveldt R., 2006, Trans. IChemE, Part A, Chem. Eng. Res. Design, 84, 739, 10.1205/cherd05049

Hansen H., 2005, Tracing the Path of Carbon Dioxide from a Gas-Condensate Reservoir, Through an Amine Plant and Back Into a Subsurface Acquifer, SPE-96742-PP

Ármannsson H., 2005, Geothermics, 34, 286, 10.1016/j.geothermics.2004.11.005

McCallister T., 2000, Impact of Unconventional Gas Technologies in the Annual Energy Outlook 2000

Milkov A. V., 2004, Earth Sci. Rev., 66, 183, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.11.002

Boswell R., 2007, J. Pet. Sci. Technol., 56, 9

Servio P., 2005, Topics Catal., 32, 101, 10.1007/s11244-005-2881-x

Song C., 2004, Catal. Today, 98, 463, 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.09.054

Matsunami J., 2000, Solar Energy, 68, 257, 10.1016/S0038-092X(99)00074-2

Kodama T., 2001, Energy Fuels, 15, 1200, 10.1021/ef0100404

Kodama T., 2000, Energy Fuels, 14, 202, 10.1021/ef990135u

Gálvez M. F., 2008, Energy Fuels, 22, 3544, 10.1021/ef800230b

Traynor A. J., 2002, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 1935, 10.1021/ie010871x

Jitaru M., 1997, J. Appl. Electrochem., 27, 875, 10.1023/A:1018441316386

Gattrell M., 2006, J. Electroanal. Chem., 594, 1, 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.05.013

Kaneco S., 1999, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 7456, 10.1021/jp990021j

Kaneco S., 1999, Environ. Eng. Sci., 16, 131, 10.1089/ees.1999.16.131

Kaneco S., 2006, Chem. Eng. J., 116, 227, 10.1016/j.cej.2005.12.014

Olah, G. A.; Prakash, G. K. S.Electrolysis of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media to Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen for Production of Methanol. US Provisional Pat. Appl. 60/949,723, 2007.

Augustynski, J.; Sartoretti, C. J.; Kedzierzawski, P.InCarbon Dioxide Recovery and Utilization;Aresta, M., Ed.;Kluwer Academic Publisher:Dordrecht, 2003; p279.

Bagotzky V. S., 1995, Russ. J. Electrochem., 31, 409

1993, Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide

Barton E. E., 2008, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 6342, 10.1021/ja0776327

Adachi Y., 2000, Fuel, 79, 229, 10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00156-8

Olah, G. A.; Prakash, G. K. S.Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Dimethyl Ether Using Bi-Reforming of Methane or Natural Gas. US Pat. Appl. 2008.

Hirano M., 2004, J. Jpn. Pet. Inst., 47, 11, 10.1627/jpi.47.11

Related Intellectual property rights on the Methanol Economy concepts and processes are protected and belong to the University of Southern California.