Characterizing Methamphetamine Use Among People Who Use Opioids: A Systematic Review

Zishan Cui1,2,3, Alexa Norton2,3, Mohammad Karamouzian4,5,6
1School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
2Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
3British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
4Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
5Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
6HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Tóm tắt

Methamphetamine use is increasing among people who use opioids (PWUO); however, factors associated with methamphetamine use among PWUO have not been systematically examined. We searched five electronic databases, from inception to January 3rd, 2023, for primary studies that characterized methamphetamine use and its associated risk factors among PWUO. We screened 3801 unique studies and included 33 quantitative primary studies. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Findings were narratively summarized. Eleven studies reported increasing trends of methamphetamine use among PWUO in the US and Canada. Twenty-eight studies conducted in North America and Asia examined factors associated with methamphetamine use among PWUO. Methamphetamine use was associated with younger age, residing in rural areas, lower socioeconomic status, mental and physical illnesses, and engaging in risky sexual and drug use behaviours. To combat the expanding “twin epidemic” of opioid and methamphetamine use, scaling up harm reduction interventions, supporting low-threshold addiction care, and investing in therapeutic options for methamphetamine use disorder is warranted.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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