Characterization of the structure and determination of mRNA levels of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family from Populus kitakamiensis
Tóm tắt
We isolated two new PAL genes, palg2b and palg4, from Populus kitakamiensis. palg2a and palg2b are clustered and palg2b encodes a polypeptide of 710 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence in the coding region of palg2b was 94.6% identical to that of palg2a. The promoter regions of palg1, palg2a and palg2b have several elements conserved among many phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes. We measured the mRNA levels of the four PAL genes by S1 mapping using total RNA from stem tissues developing secondary xylem. Results showed that the transcript level of palg2b was higher than that of the other PAL genes.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Arioli T, Howles PA, Weinman JJ, Rolfe BG: Trifolium subterraneum chalcone synthase is encoded by a multi-gene family. Gene 138: 79–86 (1994).
Bevan M, Schufflebottom D, Edwards K, Jefferson R, Schuch W: Tissue-and cell specific activity of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase promoter in transgenic plants. EMBO J 8: 1899–1906 (1989).
Cramer CL, Edwards K, Dron M, Liang X, Dildine SL, Bolwell GP, Dixon RA, Lamb CJ, Schuch W: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene organization and structure. Plant Mol Biol 12: 367–383 (1989).
Green PJ, Kay SA, Chua N-H: Sequence-specific interactions of a pea nuclear factor with light-responsive elements upstream of the rbcS-3A gene. EMBO J 6: 2543–2549 (1987).
Hahlbrock K, Scheel D: Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40: 347–369 (1989).
Howles PA, Arioli T, Weinman JJ: Characterization of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase multigene family in Trifolium subterraneum. Gene 138: 87–92 (1994).
Jones DH: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase: regulation of its induction, and its role in plant development. Phytochemistry 23: 1349–1359 (1984).
Kajita S, Osakabe K, Katayama Y, Kawai S, Matsumoto Y, Hata K, Morohoshi N: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of poplar using a disarmed binary vector and the overexpression of a specific member of a family of poplar peroxidase genes in transgenic poplar cell. Plant Sci 103: 231–239 (1994).
Lois R, Dietrich A, Hahlbrock K, Schultz W: A phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene from parsley: structure, regulation, and identification of cis-acting elements. EMBO J 8: 1641–1648 (1989).
MacDonald RJ, Swift GH, Przybyla AE, Chirgwin JM: Isolation of RNA using guanidinium salts. Meth Enzymol 152: 219–227 (1987).
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1982).
Ohl S, Hedrick SA, Chory J, Lamb CJ: Functional properties of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase promoter from Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2: 837–848 (1990).
Osakabe Y, Ohtsubo Y, Kawai S, Katayama Y, Morohoshi N: Structure and tissue-specific expression of genes for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from a hybrid aspen, Populus kitakamiensis. Plant Sci 105: 217–226 (1995).
Ryder TB, Hedrick SA, Bell JN, Liang X, Clouse SD, Lamb CJ: Organization and differential activation of a gene family encoding the plant defense enzyme chalcone synthase in Phaseolus vulgaris. Mol Gen Genet 210: 219–233 (1987).
Sablowski RWM, Enriqueta M, Francisco ACM, Schuch W, Martin C, Michael B: A flower-specific Myb protein activates transcription of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes. EMBO J 13: 128–137 (1994).
Sommer H, Bonas U, Saedler H: Transposon-induced alteration in the promoter region affect transcription of the chalcone synthase gene of Antirrhinum majus. Mol Gen Genet 211: 49–55 (1988).
van derMeer IM, Spelt CE, Mol JNM, Stuitje AR: Promoter analysis of the chalcone synthase (chsA) gene of Petunia hybrida: a 67-bp promoter region directs flower-specific expression. Plant Mol Biol 15: 95–109 (1990).
Wingender R, Rohrig H, Horicke C, Wing D, Schell J: Differential regulation of soybean chalcone synthase genes in plant defence, symbiosis, and upon environmental stimuli. Mol Gen Genet 218: 315–322 (1989).
Yamada T, Tanaka Y, Sriprasertsak P, Kato H, Hashimoto T, Kawamata S, Ichinose Y, Kato H, Shiraishi T, Oku H: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes from Pisum sativum: structure, organ-specific expression and regulation by fungal elicitor and suppressor. Plant Cell Physiol 33: 715–725 (1992).
Yamakado M, Kawai S, Katayama Y, Morohoshi N: Cloning and analysis of genomic sequences amplified enzymatically for phenylalanine ammonia-lyases from poplar and tobacco. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 37: 761–765 (1991).