Đặc điểm hệ vi sinh vật ruột cecum của sóc đất 13 sọc nuôi nhốt và hoang dã sử dụng công nghệ giải trình tự dựa trên Illumina

Animal Microbiome - Tập 4 - Trang 1-15 - 2022
Edna Chiang1, Courtney L. Deblois1, Hannah V. Carey2, Garret Suen3
1Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
2Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
3Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

Tóm tắt

Các động vật ngủ đông trải qua những thay đổi cực đoan trong chế độ ăn uống, khiến chúng trở thành những hệ thống hữu ích để hiểu biết về sự cộng sinh giữa chủ thể và vi sinh vật. Tuy nhiên, phần lớn kiến thức hiện tại của chúng ta về vi sinh vật ruột của động vật ngủ đông được rút ra từ các nghiên cứu với động vật nuôi nhốt. Vì có sự khác biệt lớn giữa môi trường nuôi nhốt và môi trường hoang dã, những kết luận được rút ra từ các nghiên cứu với động vật ngủ đông nuôi nhốt có thể không phản ánh vai trò của vi sinh vật ruột trong sinh lý học của động vật hoang dã. Để giải quyết vấn đề này, chúng tôi đã sử dụng giải trình tự dựa trên Illumina của gen 16S rRNA để so sánh các vi sinh vật cecum của sóc đất 13 sọc (TLGS) nuôi nhốt và hoang dã trong mùa hè. Là nghiên cứu đầu tiên sử dụng công nghệ dựa trên Illumina để so sánh vi sinh vật của một loài gặm nhấm ngủ đông bắt buộc trong suốt năm, chúng tôi cũng đã báo cáo những thay đổi trong vi sinh vật TLGS nuôi nhốt vào mùa hè, mùa đông và mùa xuân. Hệ vi sinh vật TLGS hoang dã có sự phong phú và đa dạng phylogenetic cao hơn với ít biến đổi trong sự đa dạng beta khi so với hệ vi sinh vật nuôi nhốt. Các taxa được xác định là các đơn vị thuế học hoạt động cốt lõi (OTUs) và được tìm thấy có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến sự khác biệt trong đa dạng beta chủ yếu thuộc về các họ Lachnospiraceae và Ruminococcaceae. Hệ vi sinh vật TLGS nuôi nhốt chia sẻ phylum và OTUs cốt lõi xuyên suốt cả năm, nhưng vi sinh vật của mùa hoạt động (mùa hè và mùa xuân) có sự đa dạng alpha và beta khác với vi sinh vật của mùa đông. Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên so sánh các vi sinh vật của các động vật gặm nhấm ngủ đông nuôi nhốt và hoang dã. Phát hiện của chúng tôi cho thấy rằng dữ liệu từ sóc đất nuôi nhốt và hoang dã nên được hiểu một cách riêng biệt do vi sinh vật của chúng khác nhau. Thêm vào đó, là nghiên cứu đầu tiên so sánh vi sinh vật theo mùa của các động vật gặm nhấm ngủ đông bắt buộc thông qua giải trình tự 16S rRNA dựa trên Illumina, chúng tôi đã báo cáo những thay đổi trong hệ vi sinh vật TLGS nuôi nhốt tương thích với các nghiên cứu trước. Gộp lại, nghiên cứu này cung cấp thông tin cơ bản cho việc cải thiện tính tái lập và thiết kế thí nghiệm cho các nghiên cứu vi sinh vật trong trạng thái ngủ đông trong tương lai.

Từ khóa

#Hệ vi sinh vật #ngủ đông #sóc đất 13 sọc #giải trình tự 16S rRNA #động vật gặm nhấm #vi sinh vật cecum

Tài liệu tham khảo

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