Characteristics, risk factors and outcomes among the first consecutive 1096 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Kuwait

Guan, 2020, Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, N Engl J Med, 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032 Richardson, 2020, Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area, JAMA, 10.1001/jama.2020.6775 Zhou, 2020, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study, Lancet, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3 2020 Seymour, 2016, Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis for the third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3), J Am Med Assoc, 10.1001/jama.2016.0288 2017 Jamal MH, Doi S, Al Youha S, et al. Predicting disease progression in COVID19: a score based on lab tests at time of diagnosis. medRxiv 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20088906. F. Al-Ghimlas. Personal communication: department of public health. 2020. Khunti, 2020, Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?, BMJ, 10.1136/bmj.m1548 Weiderpass E, Botteri E, Longenecker JC, et al. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in an adult Kuwaiti population in 2014. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)2019. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00449. Singh, 2020, Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers, Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev, 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.030 Wu, 2020, Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA Intern Med, 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994 Chen, 2020, Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China, Infection, 10.1007/s15010-020-01432-5 Oran, 2020, Prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, Ann Intern Med, 10.7326/M20-3012 Hong X, Chi Z, Liu G, et al. Analysis of early renal injury in COVID-19 and diagnostic value of multi-index combined detection. medRxiv 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.07.20032599. Sun, 2020, Serum calcium as a biomarker of clinical severity and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cross-sectional study, Crit Care Emerg Med Wang, 2020, C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19, Med Mal Infect, 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.03.007 quan, 2020, COVID-19 patients’ clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis, J Med Virol, 92, 577, 10.1002/jmv.25757 Lagunas-Rangel, 2020, Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis, J Med Virol, 10.1002/jmv.25819 Ranucci, 2020, The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome, J Thromb Haemost, 10.1111/jth.14854 Wong, 2019, Frequency and distribution of chest radiographic findings in COVID-19 positive patients, Radiology Zhang, 2020, Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 221 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, J Clin Virol, 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104364 Vardavas, 2020, COVID-19 and smoking: a systematic review of the evidence, Tob Induc Dis, 10.18332/tid/119324 Brake, 2020, Smoking upregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor: a potential adhesion site for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), J Clin Med, 10.3390/jcm9030841 Farsalinos, 2020, Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?, Intern Emerg Med, 10.1007/s11739-020-02355-7 Rossato, 2020, Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19, Eur Respir J, 10.1183/13993003.01290-2020 Grasselli, 2020, Baseline Characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy, J Am Med Assoc, 10.1001/jama.2020.5394 Abrams, 2020, Asthma and COVID-19, Can Med Assoc J Hegde, 2020, Does asthma make COVID-19 worse?, Nat Rev Immunol, 10.1038/s41577-020-0324-3