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Đặc điểm ô nhiễm radiocesium trong nấm sau sự cố hạt nhân Fukushima: đánh giá dữ liệu giám sát thực phẩm từ tháng 3 năm 2011 đến tháng 3 năm 2016
Tóm tắt
Việc kiểm tra giám sát thực phẩm sau sự cố hạt nhân Fukushima (2011) là rất cần thiết để đảm bảo an toàn thực phẩm tại Nhật Bản và giảm thiểu tác động tiêu cực đến sức khỏe do sự tiếp nhận lượng radionuclide không chấp nhận được, đặc biệt là radiocesium (134Cs và 137Cs). Trong nghiên cứu này, phần nấm của tập dữ liệu chính phủ trong 5 năm đầu sau sự cố đã được phân tích về mức độ ô nhiễm trong nấm, đặc biệt là xu hướng theo thời gian và đặc điểm sinh thái phóng xạ cũng như các rủi ro sức khỏe liên quan. Các phân tích cho thấy nấm mycorrhiza nhạy cảm hơn nhiều về việc hấp thụ radionuclide so với nấm saprobiontic (trong đó có nấm shiitake rất phổ biến (Lentinula edodes)). Giá trị tối đa đã đạt 31,000 Bq/kg trong một mẫu nấm apricot milkcaps vào năm 2012. Phân tích nguồn gốc của các mẫu nấm cho thấy rằng nguồn gốc (theo nghĩa tỉnh) của nấm không phải là yếu tố quyết định lớn về mức độ ô nhiễm mà là loại nấm, vì hầu hết các mẫu vượt ngưỡng vào năm 2012 và sau đó đều được tìm thấy ngoài tỉnh Fukushima. Nhiều mô hình liều đã được áp dụng cho dữ liệu để đánh giá cả kịch bản liều cam kết tối đa tồi tệ nhất và thực tế. Các liều chung thường khá thấp do tỷ lệ tiêu thụ thấp trong rổ thực phẩm Nhật Bản. Trong bất kỳ trường hợp nào, phân tích đã chứng minh rằng chiến dịch giám sát thực phẩm rất hiệu quả trong việc giảm liều cho công chúng hơn 10 lần so với kịch bản giả định trong đó không có giám sát được thực hiện.
Từ khóa
#radiocesium #ô nhiễm #nấm #giám sát thực phẩm #sự cố hạt nhân FukushimaTài liệu tham khảo
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