Đặc điểm của sự phát triển của lĩnh vực ứng suất do khai thác gây ra trong panel dài: những hiểu biết từ mô hình vật lý

Jinfu Lou1, Gao Fu-qiang1, Jinghe Yang1, Yanfang Ren1, Jianzhong Li1, Xiaoqing Wang2, Lei Yang2
1Coal Mining Research Institute, China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100013, China
2State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization (China Coal Research Institute), Beijing, 100013, China

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtSự phát triển của lĩnh vực ứng suất do khai thác gây ra trong panel dài có liên quan chặt chẽ đến lĩnh vực nứt và đặc điểm phá hủy của các tầng đá. Rất ít thí nghiệm trong phòng thí nghiệm đã được thực hiện để nghiên cứu lĩnh vực ứng suất. Nghiên cứu này đã điều tra sự phát triển của nó bằng cách xây dựng một mô hình vật lý quy mô lớn theo các điều kiện tại chỗ của panel dài. Phân tích lý thuyết đã được sử dụng để làm rõ cơ chế phân bố ứng suất trong đá phủ. Kết quả mô hình hóa cho thấy: (1) Lĩnh vực ứng suất chính chủ yếu có hình dạng vòm, và các tầng đá nằm trên cả khu vực đặc và bể tạo thành một loạt các cấu trúc chịu tải phối hợp. Vùng tăng ứng suất giống như một vòm ứng suất vĩ mô. Ứng suất cao tập trung đặc biệt vào cả hai vai của cấu trúc hình vòm. Sự tập trung ứng suất của khu vực đặc ở phía trước bể cao hơn khu vực đặc phía sau. (2) Đặc điểm của lĩnh vực ứng suất theo phương thẳng đứng ở các khu vực khác nhau có sự khác biệt đáng kể. Ứng suất giảm trong vùng phía trên bể và tăng trong các khu vực đặc ở hai bên. Phân tích cơ học cho thấy đối với một tầng đá nhất định, các đường đi của ứng suất chính có hình dạng vòm hoặc bị cong ngược, được gọi là "vòm ứng suất chính", bất kể sao đó nó bị phá hủy lần đầu hay bị phá hủy theo chu kỳ, và quyết định hình thái nứt. Cụ thể, các đường đi của ứng suất chính kéo theo có dạng cong ngược trước khi xảy ra việc phá hủy đầu tiên của các tầng đá, gây ra các đường phá hủy có hình dạng giống như một cái phễu ngược. Trong trường hợp phá hủy theo chu kỳ, đường phá hủy tạo thành một góc tù với hướng di chuyển của panel. Có sự nhất quán tốt giữa kết quả mô hình vật lý và phân tích lý thuyết.

Từ khóa


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