Characteristics of carbonaceous particles from residential coal combustion and agricultural biomass burning in China

Andreae, 2001, Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 955, 10.1029/2000GB001382 Bond, 2002, Primary particle emissions from residential coal burning: optical properties and size distributions, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 107, 10.1029/2001JD000571 Bond, 2012, Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: a scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res. Butt, 2015, The impact of residential combustion emissions on atmospheric aerosol, human health and climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, 15, 20449, 10.5194/acpd-15-20449-2015 Cao, 2008, Investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning, J. Envrion. Sci., 20, 50, 10.1016/S1001-0742(08)60007-8 Cao, 2005, Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3127, 10.5194/acp-5-3127-2005 Cao, 2007, Spatial and seasonal distributions of carbonaceous aerosols over China, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 112, D22S11, 10.1029/2006JD008205 Chen, 2006, Particle emissions from laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: in situ optical and mass measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04803, 10.1029/2005GL024838 Chen, 2007, Emissions from laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: emission factors and source profiles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 4317, 10.1021/es062364i Chen, 2010, Moisture effects on carbon and nitrogen emission from burning of wildland biomass, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6617, 10.5194/acp-10-6617-2010 Chen, 2006, Measurements of emission factors for primary carbonaceous particles from residential raw-coal combustion in China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L20815, 10.1029/2006GL026966 Chen, 2009, Measurements of black and organic carbon emission factors for household coal combustion in China: implication for emission reduction, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 9495, 10.1021/es9021766 Chen, 2015, Measurements of emission factors of PM2.5, OC, EC, and BC for household stoves of coal combustion in China, Atmos. Environ., 109, 190, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.023 Chow, 1993, The DRI thermal/optical reflectance carbon analysis system: description, evaluation and applications in US air quality studies, Atmos. Environ., 27, 1185, 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90245-T Chow, 2001, Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH carbon measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 34, 23, 10.1080/02786820119073 Chow, 2004, Source profiles for industrial, mobile, and area sources in the big bend regional aerosol visibility and observational study, Chemosphere, 54, 185, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.07.004 Chow, 2007, The IMPROVE_A temperature protocol for thermal/optical carbon analysis: maintaining consistency with a long-term database, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 57, 1014, 10.3155/1047-3289.57.9.1014 Chow, 2010, Black and organic carbon emission inventories: review and application to California, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 60, 497, 10.3155/1047-3289.60.4.497 Chuang, 2013, Characterization of aerosol chemical properties from near-source biomass burning in the northern Indochina during 7-SEAS/Dongsha experiment, Atmos. Environ., 78, 72, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.056 Delmas, 1996, 75 Dhammapala, 2006, Particulate emissions from wheat and Kentucky bluegrass stubble burning in eastern Washington and northern Idaho, Atmos. Environ., 40, 1007, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.018 Dhammapala, 2007, Emission factors of PAHs, methoxyphenols, levoglucosan, elemental carbon and organic carbon from simulated wheat and Kentucky bluegrass stubble burns, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2660, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.023 Downward, 2015 Fu, 2013, Emission inventory of primary pollutants and chemical speciation in 2010 for the Yangtze River Delta region, China, Atmos. Environ., 70, 39, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.034 Gao, 2002, Analysis of the current status of utilization of crop straw in China, J. Huazhong Agric. Univ., 21, 242 Habib, 2008, Chemical, microphysical and optical properties of primary particles from the combustion of biomass fuels, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8829, 10.1021/es800943f Hansen, 2005, Efficacy of climate forcings, J. Geophys. Res., D18104, 10.1029/2005JD005776 Hays, 2005, Open burning of agricultural biomass: physical and chemical properties of particle-phase emissions, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6747, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.072 Jacobson, 2001, Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409, 695, 10.1038/35055518 Kim, 2003, Source identification of Atlanta aerosol by positive matrix factorization, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 53, 731, 10.1080/10473289.2003.10466209 Kim, 2003, Source identification of PM2.5 in an arid northwest US city by positive matrix factorization, Atmos. Res., 66, 291, 10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00025-5 Lei, 2011, Primary anthropogenic aerosol emission trends for China, 1990-2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 931, 10.5194/acp-11-931-2011 Li, 2016, Semi-coke briquettes: towards reducing emission of primary PM2.5, particulate carbon, and carbon monoxide from household coal combustion in China, Sci. Rep. Li, 2015, Source contributions of urban PM2.5 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region: changes between 2006 and 2013 and relative impacts of emissions and meteorology, Atmos. Environ., 123, 229, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.048 Li, 2009, Carbonaceous aerosol emissions from household biofuel combustion in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 6076, 10.1021/es803330j Li, 2007, Particulate and trace gas emissions from open burning of wheat straw and corn stover in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 6052, 10.1021/es0705137 Lima, 2005, Combustion-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment—a review, Environ. Forensics, 6, 109, 10.1080/15275920590952739 Liu, 2015, Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in China, Nature, 524, 335, 10.1038/nature14677 Lu, 2011, Sulfur dioxide and primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions in China and India, 1996–2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9839, 10.5194/acp-11-9839-2011 McMeeking, 2009, Emissions of trace gases and aerosols during the open combustion of biomass in the laboratory, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D19210, 10.1029/2009JD011836 National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2014 National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2014 Ni, 2015, Emission characteristics of carbonaceous particles and trace gases from open burning of crop residues in China, Atmos. Environ., 123, 399, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.007 Novakov, 2000, Origin of carbonaceous aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean: biomass burning or fossil fuels?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 4061, 10.1029/2000GL011759 Ohara, 2007, An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980–2020, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4419, 10.5194/acp-7-4419-2007 Ram, 2008, Atmospheric abundances of primary and secondary carbonaceous species at two high-altitude sites in India: sources and temporal variability, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6785, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.031 Reid, 2005, A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799, 10.5194/acp-5-799-2005 Reid, 2005, A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827, 10.5194/acp-5-827-2005 Ruzer, 2012, 179 Saarikoski, 2008, Sources of organic carbon in fine particulate matter in northern European urban air, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6281, 10.5194/acp-8-6281-2008 Saud, 2012, Emission estimates of organic and elemental carbon from household biomass fuel used over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), India, Atmos. Environ., 61, 212, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.030 Shen, 2010, Emission factors of particulate matter and elemental carbon for crop residues and coals burned in typical household stoves in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 7157, 10.1021/es101313y Shen, 2014, Comparison of carbonaceous particulate matter emission factors among different solid fuels burned in residential stoves, Atmos. Environ., 89, 337, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.033 Shen, 2015, Pollutant emissions from improved coal- and wood-fuelled cookstoves in rural households, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 6590, 10.1021/es506343z Streets, 2003, An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 108, 8809, 10.1029/2002JD003093 Streets, 2005, The importance of China's household sector for black carbon emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12708, 10.1029/2005GL022960 Tian, 2015, A biomass combustion chamber: design, evaluation, and a case study of wheat straw combustion emission tests, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 15, 2104, 10.4209/aaqr.2015.03.0167 Wang, 2009, A novel optical instrument for estimating size segregated aerosol mass concentration in real time, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 43, 939, 10.1080/02786820903045141 Watson, 2005, Summary of organic and elemental carbon/black carbon analysis methods and intercomparisons, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 5, 65, 10.4209/aaqr.2005.06.0006 Watson, 2012, Overview of real-world emission characterization methods, Alta. Oil Sands Energy, Ind., Environ., 145 Watson, 2016, Source apportionment: principles and methods, 72 Wei, 2014, Field measurement on the emissions of PM, OC, EC and PAHs from indoor crop straw burning in rural China, Environ. Pollut., 184, 18, 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.036 Yan, 2006, Bottom-up estimate of biomass burning in mainland China, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5262, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.040 Yang, 2002, Uncertainties in charring correction in the analysis of elemental and organic carbon in atmospheric particles by thermal/optical methods, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 5199, 10.1021/es025672z Zhang, 2012, Chemical and size characterization of particles emitted from the burning of coal and wood in rural households in Guizhou, China, Atmos. Environ., 51, 94, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.042 Zhi, 2008, Emission characteristics of carbonaceous particles from various residential coal-stoves in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 3310, 10.1021/es702247q Zhi, 2009, Deployment of coal briquettes and improved stoves: possibly an option for both environment and climate, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 5586, 10.1021/es802955d