Chapter 44 Vasculitis and stroke

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An immunofluorescent study, Ann Intern Med, 81, 19, 10.7326/0003-4819-81-1-19 Lie, 1994, Nomenclature and classification of vasculitis: plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose, Arthritis Rheum, 37, 181, 10.1002/art.1780370205 Lie, 1996, Vasculitis associated with infectious agents, Curr Opin Rheumatol, 8, 26, 10.1097/00002281-199601000-00004 Lie, 1997, Biopsy diagnosis of systemic vasculitis, Bailliérès Clin Rheumatol, 11, 219, 10.1016/S0950-3579(97)80044-1 Lie, 1997, Classification and histopathologic spectrum of central nervous system vasculitis, Neurol Clin, 15, 805, 10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70348-0 Lincoff, 2000, Thrombocytosis in temporal arteritis rising platelet counts: a red flag for giant cell arteritis, J Neuroophthalmol, 20, 67, 10.1097/00041327-200020020-00001 Ma‐Krupa, 2005, Toll‐like receptors in giant cell arteritis, Clin Immunol, 115, 38, 10.1016/j.clim.2005.02.009 Mason, 1992, Giant cell arteritis, BMJ, 305, 68, 10.1136/bmj.305.6845.68 Mathieson, 1995, The role of cellular immunity in systemic vasculitis, Clin Exp Immunol, 100, 183, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03650.x Mathieson, 1990, Monoclonal‐antibody therapy in systemic vasculitis, N Engl J Med, 323, 250, 10.1056/NEJM199007263230407 Mehler, 1988, The clinical neuro‐ophthalmologic spectrum of temporal arteritis, Am J Med, 85, 839, 10.1016/S0002-9343(88)80031-7 Mohan, 2001, Diagnosis of vasculitis, Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 15, 203, 10.1053/berh.2000.0140 Mohan, 2004, Leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with tumor necrosis factor‐alpha blocking agents, J Rheumatol, 31, 1955 Myles, 1992, Prevention of blindness in giant cell arteritis by corticosteroid treatment, Br J Rheumatol, 31, 103, 10.1093/rheumatology/31.2.103 Nesher, 1994, Analysis of steroid related complications and mortality in temporal arteritis: a 15‐year survey of 43 patients, J Rheumatol, 21, 1283 Nesher, 1997, Efficacy and adverse effects of different corticosteroid dose regimens in temporal arteritis: a retrospective study, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 15, 303 nesh‐Meyer, 2005, Poor prognosis of visual outcome after visual loss from giant cell arteritis, Ophthalmology, 112, 1098, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.036 Nishino, 1993, Neurological involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis: an analysis of 324 consecutive patients at the Mayo Clinic, Ann Neurol, 33, 4, 10.1002/ana.410330103 Nordborg, 1995, Giant cell arteritis, Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 21, 1013, 10.1016/S0889-857X(21)00482-8 Ong, 2005, Randomized controlled trial of pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide versus mycophenolate mofetil in the induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis, Nephrology (Carlton), 10, 504, 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2005.00444.x Parker, 1975, Light and electron microscopic studies on human temporal arteries with special reference to alterations related to senescence, atherosclerosis and giant cell arteritis, Am J Pathol, 79, 57 Pego‐Reigosa, 2004, Predictors of cerebrovascular accidents in giant cell arteritis in a defined population, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 22, S13 Ray‐Chaudhuri, 2002, Effect of prior steroid treatment on temporal artery biopsy findings in giant cell arteritis, Br J Ophthalmol, 86, 530, 10.1136/bjo.86.5.530 Salojin, 1996, Anti‐endothelial cell antibodies in patients with various forms of vasculitis, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 14, 163 Salvarani, 2001, Giant cell arteritis with low erythrocyte sedimentation rate: frequency of occurrence in a population‐based study, Arthritis Rheum, 45, 140, 10.1002/1529-0131(200104)45:2<140::AID-ANR166>3.0.CO;2-2 Schmidley, 2000, Isolated CNS Angiitis: Clinical Aspects, 1 Scolding, 1999, Cerebral vasculitis, 210 Scolding, 1999, Neurological complications of rheumatological and connective tissue disorders, 147 Scolding, 2002, The neuropathology and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 28, 173, 10.1046/j.1365-2990.2002.00406.x Scolding, 1997, The syndrome of cerebral vasculitis: recognition, diagnosis and management, Q J Med, 90, 61, 10.1093/qjmed/90.1.61 Scolding, 2002, The recognition, diagnosis and management of cerebral vasculitis: a European survey, Eur J Neurol, 9, 343, 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.00422.x Scolding, 2005, A beta‐related angiitis: primary angiitis of the central nervous system associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Brain, 128, 500, 10.1093/brain/awh379 Sehgal, 1995, Neurologic manifestations of Churg–Strauss syndrome, Mayo Clin Proc, 70, 337, 10.4065/70.4.337 Singhal, 1976, Eales' disease with neurological involvement, Part 1. Clinical features in 9 patients, J Neurol Sci, 27, 313, 10.1016/0022-510X(76)90004-6 Sneller, 2005, Rituximab and Wegener's granulomatosis: are B cells a target in vasculitis treatment?, Arthritis Rheum, 52, 1, 10.1002/art.20717 Talar‐Williams, 1996, Cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis and bladder cancer in patients with Wegener granulomatosis, Ann Intern Med, 124, 477, 10.7326/0003-4819-124-5-199603010-00003 Unger, 2003, Successful treatment of severe rheumatoid vasculitis by infliximab, Ann Rheum Dis, 62, 587, 10.1136/ard.62.6.587 Valsakumar, 2003, Role of immunosuppressive therapy on clinical, immunological, and angiographic outcome in active Takayasu's arteritis, J Rheumatol, 30, 1793 Vanoli, 2005, Takayasu's arteritis: a study of 104 Italian patients, Arthritis Rheum, 53, 100, 10.1002/art.20922 Vollertsen, 1990, Vasculitis and Cogan's syndrome, Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 16, 433, 10.1016/S0889-857X(21)01068-1 Watts, 1997, Classification and epidemiology of the vasculitides, Bailliérès Clin Rheumatol, 11, 191, 10.1016/S0950-3579(97)80043-X Weyand, 2004, Immunopathways in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, Autoimmun Rev, 3, 46, 10.1016/S1568-9972(03)00064-8 Wilkinson, 1972, Arteries of the head and neck in giant cell arteritis. 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