Changes in the composition and structure of coral communities of Mju and Moon islands, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea
Tóm tắt
In October 2003 and January 2005, comparative observations were made on the reefs of Mju and Moon islands near the city and port of Nha Trang, which we first investigated in 1981. Appreciable changes due to anthropogenic impact have occurred on the reefs that are the nearest to the city. There was a reduction in substrate cover by reef-building corals, a substitution of dominant scleractinian species, and a decrease in the numbers and diversity of common species of corallobionts. The index of species diversity for scleractinians also decreased. The seaweeds Chnoospora and Halimeda spread into all zones of the reefs. Changes in coral communities on more distant and protected reefs were not so marked.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Latypov, Yu. Ya., Composition and Distribution of Scleractinians on Reefs of the Phukhanh Province (South Vietnam), Biol. Morya, 1982, no. 6, pp. 5–12.
Latypov, Yu. Ya., Species Composition and Distribution of Reef-Building Scleractinians of Vietnam, Biol. Morya, 1994, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 181–189.
Latypov, Yu. Ya., Reef-building Corals of Vietnam as Part of the Reef Ecosystem of the Indo-Pacific, Biol. Morya, 2005, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 75–81.
Pavlov, D.S., Smuroe, A.V., Iliyash, L.V., et al., Present-Day Status of Coral Reefs of Nhatrang Bay (Southern Vietnam) and Possible Reasons of the Disturbance of Scleractinian Habitats, Biol. Morya, 2004, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 60–67.
An, N.T., Son, V.D., Thu, P.M., and Huan, N.H., Tracing Sediment Transport and Bed Regime In Nha Trang Bay, Coll. Mar. Res. Works, 2000, vol. 10, pp. 63–69.
Andres, N.G. and Witman, J.D., Trends in Community Structure on a Jamaican Reef, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 1995, vol. 118, pp. 305–310.
Cortes, J. and Risk, M.-J., A Reef under Siltation Stress: Cahuita, Costa Rica, Bull. Mar. Sci., 1985, vol. 36, pp. 339–356.
Dai, C.F., Dynamics of Coral Communities, Biodiversity and the Dynamics of Ecosystems, DIWPA Ser., 1996, vol. 1, pp. 247–265.
Ekman, S., Zoogeography of the Sea, London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1953.
Hoa, N.X., Dai, N.H., and Vy, N.X., The Absorption, Accumulation of Nitrate, Phosphate and the Improving Ability for Eutrophic Environment of Seaweed Ulva (Chlorophyta-Ulvales), Tuyen Tap Nghien Cuu Bien, 2001, vol. 11, pp. 105–114.
Huan, N.B. and Hoang Son T.P., The Characteristics of Distribution and Change of the Seawater Temperature and Salinity of Cai River and Northern Part of Nhartrang Bay in Dry and Rainy Seasons, Coll. Mar. Res. Works, 2000, vol. 10, pp. 63–69.
Hubbard, J.A.B., Scleractinian Coral Behavior in Calibrated Current Experiment: An Index to Their Distribution Patterns, Proc. Sec. Int. Coral Reef Symp., Brisbane, 1974, vol. 2, pp. 38–43.
Kühlmann, D.H.H., The Sensitivity pf Coral Reefs to Environmental Pollution, Ambio, 1988, vol. 17, pp. 13–21.
Latypov, Yu.Ya., Community Structure of Scleractinian Reefs in the Baitylong Archipelago (South China Sea), Asian Mar. Biol., 1995, vol. 12, pp. 27–37.
Loya, Y and Slobodkin, L.B., The Coral Reefs of Eilat (Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea), Symp. Zool. Soc. London, 1971, vol. 28, pp. 117–139.
Pastorok, R.A. and Bilyard, G.R., Effects of Sewage Pollution on Coral-Reef Communities, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 1985, vol. 21, no. 1–2, pp. 175–189.
Pichon, M., Dynamics of Benthic Communities in the Coral Reefs of Tulear (Madagascar); Succession and Transformation of the Biotopes through Reef Tract Evolution, Proc. Sec. Int. Coral Reef Symp., Brisbane, 1974, vol. 2, pp. 55–68.
Rogers, C.S., Responses of Coral Reefs and Reef Organisms to Sedimentation, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 1990, vol. 62, no. 1–2, pp. 185–202.
Sakai, K. and Nishihira, M., Immediate Effect of Terrestrial Runoff on a Coral Community near a River Mouth in Okinawa, Galaxea, 1991, vol. 10, pp. 125–134.
Sebens, K.P., Biodiversity of Coral Reefs: What Are We Losing and Why? Amer. Zool., 1994, vol. 34, pp. 115–133.
Sheppard, C.R.C., Coral Population on the Reef Slopes and Their Major Controls, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 1982, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 83–115.
Soong, K. and Chen T., Coral Transplantation: Regeneration and Growth of Acropora Fragments in a Nursery, Restr. Ecol., 2003, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–10.
Tomascik, T. and Sander, F., Effects of Eutrophication on Reef Corals. II. Structure of Scleractiniaan Coral Communities on Fringing Reefs, Barbados, West Indies, Mar. Biol., 1987, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 53–75.
Tomascik, T. and Sander, F., Effects of Eutrophication on Reef Corals. III. Reproduction of Reef-Building Coral Porites porites, Mar. Biol., 1987, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 77–94.
Veron, J.E.N., Corals in Space and Time: The Biogeography and Evolution of the Scleractinia, Australian Inst. Mar. Sci., 1995.
Vo, S.T., De Vantier, L., Long, N.V., et al., Coral Reefs of the Hon Mun Marine Protected Area, Nha Trang Bay, Victnam, 2002: Species Composition, Community Structure, Status and Management Recommendation, Proc. Sci. Conf. “Bien Dong-2002,” Nhatrang, Vietnam, 2002, pp. 650–690.
Wainwright, S.A., Reef Communities Visited by the Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962, Bull. Sea Fish. Stn. Israel, 1965, vol. 38, pp. 40–53.
Wilkinson, C.R. and Buddemeier, R.W., Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs: Implications for People and Reefs, Rept. of the UNEP-IOC-ASPEI-IUCN Global Task Team on the Implications of Climate Change on Coral Reefs, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1994.