Changes in epilepsy burden after onchocerciasis elimination in a hyperendemic focus of western Uganda: a comparison of two population-based, cross-sectional studies

Pion, 2009, Epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic areas: systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 3, e461, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000461 Kaiser, 2013, Case-control studies on the relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 7, e461, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002147 Kamuyu, 2014, Exposure to multiple parasites is associated with the prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 8, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002908 Levick, 2017, High prevalence of epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 11, 1, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005732 Chesnais, 2018, The temporal relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy: a population-based cohort study, Lancet Infect Dis, 18, 1278, 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30425-0 Boussinesq, 2002, Relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy: a matched case-control study in the Mbam Valley, Republic of Cameroon, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 96, 537, 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90433-5 Kaiser, 1996, The prevalence of epilepsy follows the distribution of onchocerciasis in a west Ugandan focus, Bull World Health Organ, 74, 361 Colebunders, 2016, Risk factors for epilepsy in Bas-Uélé Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a case-control study, Int J Infect Dis, 49, 1, 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.018 Föger, 2017, Nakalanga syndrome: clinical characteristics, potential causes, and its relationship with recently described nodding syndrome, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 11, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005201 Dowell, 2013, Nodding syndrome, Emerg Infect Dis, 19, 1374, 10.3201/eid1909.130401 Johnson, 2017, Nodding syndrome may be an autoimmune reaction to the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus, Sci Translational Med, 9, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6953 Hotterbeekx, 2019, Neuroinflammation and not tauopathy is a predominant pathological signature of nodding syndrome, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 78, 1049, 10.1093/jnen/nlz090 Colebunders, 2019, From river blindness to river epilepsy: implications for onchocerciasis elimination programmes, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 13, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007407 Siewe Fodjo, 2018, Epidemiology of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in the Mbam and Sanaga river valleys of Cameroon: impact of more than 13 years of ivermectin, Infect Dis Poverty, 7, 114, 10.1186/s40249-018-0497-1 Fischer, 1993, Parasitological and clinical characterization of Simulium neavei-transmitted onchocerciasis in western Uganda, Tropical Med Parasitol, 44, 311 Lakwo, 2013, The disappearance of onchocerciasis from the Itwara focus, western Uganda after elimination of the vector Simulium neavei and 19 years of annual ivermectin treatments, Acta Trop, 126, 218, 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.02.016 Garms, 2009, The elimination of the vector Simulium neavei from the Itwara onchocerciasis focus in Uganda by ground larviciding, Acta Trop, 111, 203, 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.04.001 Katabarwa, 2018, After 70 years of fighting an age-old scourge, onchocerciasis in Uganda, the end is in sight, Int Health, 10, 79, 10.1093/inthealth/ihx044 Kaiser, 1998, High incidence of epilepsy related to onchocerciasis in west Uganda, Epilepsy Res, 30, 247, 10.1016/S0920-1211(98)00007-2 Cord Fisher, 2014, ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy, Epilepsia, 55, 475, 10.1111/epi.12550 Gastaut, 1980 Kaiser, 2000, Clinical and electro-clinical classification of epileptic seizures in west Uganda, Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 93, 255 Kaiser, 2018, Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy with head nodding seizures-nodding syndrome: a case series of 15 patients from western Uganda, 1994, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 99, 1211, 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0511 Kaiser, 2007, Mortality from epilepsy in an onchocerciasis-endemic area in west Uganda, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 101, 48, 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.06.003 Diagana, 2006, Depistage de l'epilepsie en zones tropicales: validation d'un questionnaire en Mauritanie, Bull Pathol Exot, 99, 103 Kuczmarski, 2002, CDC growth charts for the United States: methods and development, Vital Health Stat, 11, 1 Preux, 2005, Epidemiology and aetiology of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa, Lancet Neurol, 4, 21, 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00963-9 Kaiser, 1998, Antiepileptic drug treatment in rural Africa: involving the community, Trop Doct, 28, 73, 10.1177/004947559802800206 Colebunders, 2018, High prevalence of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in villages in Maridi County, Republic of South Sudan: a community-based survey, Seizure, 63, 93, 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.11.004 Helbig, 2016, Primer part 1-the building blocks of epilepsy genetics, Epilepsia, 57, 861, 10.1111/epi.13381 Jelinek, 1996, Geographic differences in the sensitivity of a polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 55, 647, 10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.647 Jilek-Aall, 1979, Clinical and genetic aspects of seizure disorders prevalent in an isolated African population, Epilepsia, 20, 613, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04845.x Soldatos, 2015, Evaluation and immunomodulatory treatment at the NIH of children with nodding syndrome from northern Uganda, Neurology, 84 Neuman, 1995, Genetic analysis of kifafa, a complex familial seizure disorder, Am J Hum Genet, 57, 902 Van der Waals, 1983, See-ee: clinical characteristics of highly prevalent seizure disorders in the Gbawein and Wroughbarh Clan Region of Grand Bassa County, Liberia, Neuroepidemiology, 2, 35, 10.1159/000110508 Siewe, 2019, Clinical presentations of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) in Cameroon, Epilepsy Behav, 90, 70, 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.11.008 Kaiser, 2019, Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy: another piece in the puzzle from the Mahenge Mountains, southern Tanzania, Infect Dis Poverty, 8, 35, 10.1186/s40249-019-0545-5 Carabin, 2011, Clinical manifestations associated with neurocysticercosis: a systematic review, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 5, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001152