Changes in biomechanical dysfunction and low back pain reduction with osteopathic manual treatment: Results from the OSTEOPATHIC Trial

Altman, 2003, Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates, BMJ, 326, 219, 10.1136/bmj.326.7382.219 American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, 2009 Arbanas, 2013, MRI features of the psoas major muscle in patients with low back pain, Eur Spine J, 22, 1965, 10.1007/s00586-013-2749-x Barnes, 2008, Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007, Natl Health Stat Rep, 1 Bellg, 2004, Enhancing treatment fidelity in health behavior change studies: best practices and recommendations from the NIH behavior change consortium, Health Psychol, 23, 443, 10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.443 Bigos, 1994 Chou, 2007, Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society, Ann Intern Med, 147, 478, 10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006 Clark, 2009, Muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging and acute low back pain: a pilot study to characterize lumbar muscle activity asymmetries and examine the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment, Osteopath Med Prim Care, 3, 7, 10.1186/1750-4732-3-7 Dworkin, 2008, Interpreting the clinical importance of treatment outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations, J Pain, 9, 105 Emshoff, 2011, Clinically important difference thresholds of the visual analog scale: a conceptual model for identifying meaningful intraindividual changes for pain intensity, Pain, 152, 2277, 10.1016/j.pain.2011.06.003 Evans, 2002, Mechanisms and effects of spinal high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust manipulation: previous theories, J Manip Physiol Ther, 25, 251, 10.1067/mmt.2002.123166 Evans, 2006, A biomechanical model for mechanically efficient cavitation production during spinal manipulation: prethrust position and the neutral zone, J Manip Physiol Ther, 29, 72, 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.11.011 Farrar, 2000, Defining the clinically important difference in pain outcome measures, Pain, 88, 287, 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00339-0 Finkelstein, 2008, Ultrasound-guided injection of the psoas muscle with Botulinum Toxin A: novel approach to treating chronic low back pain, Toxicon, 51, 47 Fritz, 2011, Preliminary investigation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of manipulation: exploration of a multivariate model including spinal stiffness, multifidus recruitment, and clinical findings, Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 36, 1772, 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318216337d Greenman, 1996, Syndromes of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and sacrum, Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 7, 773, 10.1016/S1047-9651(18)30365-6 Harvey, 2003, Spinal manipulation for low-back pain: a treatment package agreed to by the UK chiropractic, osteopathy and physiotherapy professional associations, Man Ther, 8, 46, 10.1054/math.2002.0472 Hennekens, 2009, The need for large-scale randomized evidence without undue emphasis on small trials, meta-analyses, or subgroup analyses, JAMA, 302, 2361, 10.1001/jama.2009.1756 Hogan, 1978, Alternatives to Rothman's approach for assessing synergism (or antagonism) in cohort studies, Am J Epidemiol, 108, 60 Kent, 2005, Classification in nonspecific low back pain: what methods do primary care clinicians currently use?, Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 30, 1433, 10.1097/01.brs.0000166523.84016.4b Khalsa, 2006, The 2005 conference on the biology of manual therapies, J Manip Physiol Ther, 29, 341, 10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.04.002 Kuchera, 2007, Applying osteopathic principles to formulate treatment for patients with chronic pain, J Am Osteopath Assoc, 107, ES28 Licciardone, 2008, The epidemiology and medical management of low back pain during ambulatory medical care visits in the United States, Osteopath Med Prim Care, 2, 11, 10.1186/1750-4732-2-11 Licciardone, 2012, Depression, somatization, and somatic dysfunction in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain: results from the OSTEOPATHIC Trial, J Am Osteopath Assoc, 112, 783 Licciardone, 2012, Somatic dysfunction and its association with chronic low back pain, back-specific functioning, and general health: results from the OSTEOPATHIC Trial, J Am Osteopath Assoc, 112, 420 Licciardone, 2012, Associations of cytokine concentrations with key osteopathic lesions and clinical outcomes in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain: results from the OSTEOPATHIC Trial, J Am Osteopath Assoc, 112, 596, 10.7556/jaoa.2012.112.9.596 Licciardone, 2013, Osteopathic manual treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbid chronic low back pain: subgroup results from the OSTEOPATHIC Trial, J Am Osteopath Assoc, 113, 468 Licciardone, 2013, Outcomes of osteopathic manual treatment for chronic low back pain according to baseline pain severity: results from the OSTEOPATHIC Trial, Man Ther, 18, 533, 10.1016/j.math.2013.05.006 Licciardone, 2008, Osteopathic health outcomes in chronic low back pain: the OSTEOPATHIC Trial, Osteopath Med Prim Care, 2, 5, 10.1186/1750-4732-2-5 Licciardone, 2013, Osteopathic manual treatment and ultrasound therapy for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial, Ann Fam Med, 11, 122, 10.1370/afm.1468 Maigne, 2003, Mechanism of action of spinal manipulative therapy, Joint Bone Spine, 70, 336, 10.1016/S1297-319X(03)00074-5 Mein, 2001, Manual medicine diversity: research pitfalls and the emerging medical paradigm, J Am Osteopath Assoc, 101, 441 2009 Triano, 2001, Biomechanics of spinal manipulative therapy, Spine J, 1, 121, 10.1016/S1529-9430(01)00007-9 Tufo, 2012, Psoas syndrome: a frequently missed diagnosis, J Am Osteopath Assoc, 112, 522, 10.7556/jaoa.2012.112.8.522 Vos, 2013, Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010, Lancet, 380, 2163, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2