Changes in antigen-specific T-cell number and function during oral desensitization in cow's milk allergy enabled with omalizumab

Noon, 1911, Prophylactic inoculation for hay fever, Lancet, 1,, 1572, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)78276-6 Larche, 2006, Immunological mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy, Nat. Rev. Immunol, 6,, 761, 10.1038/nri1934 Jutel, 2011, Immunological mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy, Allergy, 66,, 725, 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02589.x Secrist, 1993, Allergen immunotherapy decreases interleukin 4 production in CD4+ T cells from allergic individuals, J. Exp. Med, 178,, 2123, 10.1084/jem.178.6.2123 Varney, 1993, Influence of grass pollen immunotherapy on cellular infiltration and cytokine mRNA expression during allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous responses, J. Clin. Invest, 92,, 644, 10.1172/JCI116633 Akdis, 1998, Role of interleukin 10 in specific immunotherapy, J. Clin. Invest, 102,, 98, 10.1172/JCI2250 Meiler, 2008, In vivo switch to IL-10-secreting T regulatory cells in high dose allergen exposure, J. Exp. Med, 205,, 2887, 10.1084/jem.20080193 Weiner, 1997, Oral tolerance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, Ann. Rev. Med, 48,, 341, 10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.341 de Jong, 1996, Food allergen (peanut)-specific TH2 clones generated from the peripheral blood of a patient with peanut allergy, J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol, 98,, 73, 10.1016/S0091-6749(96)70228-2 Higgins, 1995, Polyclonal and clonal analysis of human CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses to nut extracts, Immunology, 84,, 91 Dorion, 1994, The production of interferon-gamma in response to a major peanut allergy, Ara h II correlates with serum levels of IgE anti-Ara h II, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 93,, 93, 10.1016/0091-6749(94)90237-2 Turcanu, 2003, Characterization of lymphocyte responses to peanuts in normal children, peanut-allergic children, and allergic children who acquired tolerance to peanuts, J. Clin. Invest, 111,, 1065, 10.1172/JCI200316142 Shreffler, 2009, Association of allergen-specific regulatory T cells with the onset of clinical tolerance to milk protein, J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol, 123,, 43, 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.051 Pajno, 2010, Oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy with a weekly up-dosing regimen: a randomized single-blind controlled study, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol, 105,, 376, 10.1016/j.anai.2010.03.015 Buchanan, 2007, Egg oral immunotherapy in nonanaphylactic children with egg allergy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 119,, 199, 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.016 Nash, 2008, Oral peanut immunotherapy for children with peanut allergy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 121,, S147, 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.544 Hofmann, 2009, Safety of a peanut oral immunotherapy protocol in children with peanut allergy, J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol, 124,, 286, 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.045 Blumchen, 2010, Oral peanut immunotherapy in children with peanut anaphylaxis, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 126,, 83, 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.030 Nadeau, 2011, Rapid oral desensitization in combination with omalizumab therapy in patients with cow's milk allergy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 127,, 1722 Faria, 2005, Oral tolerance, Immunol. Rev, 206,, 232, 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00280.x Hatachi, 2003, CD4+ PD-1+ T cells accumulate as unique anergic cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid, J. Rheumatol, 30,, 1410 Sharpe, 2007, The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection, Nat. Immunol, 8,, 239, 10.1038/ni1443 Sicherer, 2006, 9. Food allergy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 117,, S470, 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.05.048 Boyce, 2010, Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: summary of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel report, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 126,, 1105, 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.008 Sicherer, 2010, Food allergy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 125,, S116, 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.028 Meglio, 2004, A protocol for oral desensitization in children with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy, Allergy, 59,, 980, 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00542.x Longo, 2008, Specific oral tolerance induction in children with very severe cow's milk-induced reactions, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 121,, 343, 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.029 Staden, 2008, Rush oral immunotherapy in children with persistent cow's milk allergy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 122,, 418, 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.002 Clark, 2009, Successful oral tolerance induction in severe peanut allergy, Allergy, 64,, 1218, 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.01982.x Enrique, 2005, Sublingual immunotherapy for hazelnut food allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a standardized hazelnut extract, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 116,, 1073, 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.08.027 Skripak, 2007, The natural history of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 120,, 1172, 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.08.023 Francis, 2003, Induction of IL-10+CD4+CD25+ T cells by grass pollen immunotherapy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 111,, 1255, 10.1067/mai.2003.1570 Oldfield, 2002, Effect of T-cell peptides derived from Fel d 1 on allergic reactions and cytokine production in patients sensitive to cats: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 360,, 47, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09332-7 Verhoef, 2005, T cell epitope immunotherapy induces a CD4+ T cell population with regulatory activity, PLoS Med, 2,, e78, 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020078 Aslam, 2010, Tracking antigen-specific T-cells during clinical tolerance induction in humans, PLoS ONE, 5,, e11028, 10.1371/journal.pone.0011028 Sakaguchi, 2010, FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the human immune system, Nat. Rev. Immunol, 10,, 490, 10.1038/nri2785 Varshney, 2011, A randomized controlled study of peanut oral immunotherapy: clinical desensitization and modulation of the allergic response, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 127,, 654, 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1111 Jones, 2009, Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 124,, 292, 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.022 Mori, 2010, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells are not involved in oral desensitization, Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol, 23,, 359, 10.1177/039463201002300136 Kim, 2011, Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: clinical and immunologic evidence of desensitization, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 127,, 640, 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1083 Tiemessen, 2002, CD4 CD25 regulatory T cells are not functionally impaired in adult patients with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy, J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol, 110,, 934, 10.1067/mai.2002.128856 Nagata, 2000, Human Peyer's patch T cells are sensitized to dietary antigen and display a Th cell type 1 cytokine profile, J. Immunol, 165,, 5315, 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.5315 Stock, 2004, CD8(+) T cells regulate immune responses in a murine model of allergen-induced sensitization and airway inflammation, Eur. J. Immunol, 34,, 1817, 10.1002/eji.200324623 Dominguez-Villar, 2011, Identification of T helper type 1-like, Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in human autoimmune disease, Nat. Med, 17,, 673, 10.1038/nm.2389 Scurlock, 2010, Pediatric food allergy and mucosal tolerance, Mucosal. Immunol, 3,, 345, 10.1038/mi.2010.21 van Halteren, 1997, Discontinuation of yellow jacket venom immunotherapy: follow-up of 75 patients by means of deliberate sting challenge, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 100,, 767, 10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70271-9 Cox, 2007, Duration of allergen immunotherapy in respiratory allergy: when is enough, enough?, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol, 98,, 416, 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60755-7 Varshney, 2010, Peanut Oral Immunotherapy (OIT) induces immunologic changes supporting the development of tolerance, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 125,, AB59, 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.953 Gernez, 2010, Basophil CD203c levels are increased at baseline and can be used to monitor omalizumab treatment in subjects with nut allergy, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol, 154,, 318, 10.1159/000321824