Change in soil carbon following afforestation

Adams, 1973, The effects of organic matter on the bulk and true densities of some uncultivated podzolic soils, J. Soil Sci., 24, 10, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00737.x

Aggangan, 1998, Fertilizer and previous land use effects on C and N mineralization in soils from Eucalyptus globulus plantations, Soil Biol. Biochem., 30, 1791, 10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00045-5

Alfredsson, 1998, Changes in soil acidity and organic matter following the establishment of conifers on former grassland in New Zealand, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 112, 245, 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00346-6

Alriksson, A., Olsson, M.T., Johansson, U.T., 1995. Soil changes in different age classes of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) on afforested farmland. In: Huttl, R.F., Nilsson, L.O. (Eds.), Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the CEC–IUFRO Symposium, Halmstad, Sweden, June 7–10, 1993. Plant Soil 168–169, 103–110.

Aweto, 1981, Secondary succession and soil fertility restoration in south-western Nigeria. II. Soil fertility restoration, J. Ecol., 69, 609, 10.2307/2259687

Bashkin, 1998, Changes in soil carbon following afforestation in Hawaii, Ecology, 79, 828, 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0828:CISCFA]2.0.CO;2

Bauhus, 1994, Carbon and nitrogen turnover in two acid forest soils of southeast Australia as affected by phosphorus addition and drying and rewetting cycles, Biol. Fert. Soils, 17, 212, 10.1007/BF00336325

Beets, 1988, Aboveground dry matter and nutrient content of Pinus radiata as affected by lupin, fertiliser, thinning, and stand age, NZ J. For. Sci., 18, 43

Binkley, 1999, Rapid changes in soils following Eucalyptus afforestation in Hawaii, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 63, 222, 10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300010032x

Bird, M., 2000. Changes in soil C following land-use change in Australia. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report. Environment Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 1999.

Birk, 1992, Nitrogen availability in radiata pine plantations on former pasture sites in southern New South Wales, Plant Soil, 143, 115, 10.1007/BF00009136

Bradstock, 1981, Biomass in an age series of Eucalyptus grandis plantations, Aust. For. Res., 11, 111

Brand, D.G., Cowie, A., Lamb, K., 2000. Developing the products and markets for carbon sequestration in planted forests. In: The Future of Eucalypts for Wood Products, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, March 19–24, 2000, pp. 52–63.

Brown, 1990, Effects of forest clearing and succession on the carbon and nitrogen content of soils in Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands, Plant Soil, 124, 53, 10.1007/BF00010931

Carlyle, 1995, Nutrient management in a Pinus radiata plantation after thinning: the effect of thinning and residues on nutrient distribution, mineral nitrogen fluxes, and extractable phosphorus, Can. J. For. Res., 25, 1278, 10.1139/x95-141

Chen, 2000, Effects of afforestation on phosphorus dynamics and biological properties in a New Zealand grassland soil, Plant Soil, 220, 151, 10.1023/A:1004712401721

Collins, 1992, Crop rotation and residue management effects on soil carbon and microbial dynamics, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56, 783, 10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600030018x

Compton, 1998, Soil carbon and nitrogen in a pine–oak sand plain in central Massachusetts: role of vegetation and land-use history, Oecologia, 116, 536, 10.1007/s004420050619

Conteh, 1997, Dynamics of organic matter in soil as determined by variations in 13C/12C isotopic ratios and fractionation by ease of oxidation, Aust. J. Soil Res., 35, 881, 10.1071/S96107

Cooper, 1984, Carbon storage in managed forests, Can. J. For. Res., 13, 155, 10.1139/x83-022

Cortina, 1994, Effects of clearfelling on forest floor accumulation and litter decomposition in a radiata pine plantation, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 70, 299, 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90095-7

Davis, 1994, Topsoil properties under tussock grassland and adjoining pine forest in Otago, New Zealand, NZ J. Agric. Res., 37, 465, 10.1080/00288233.1994.9513085

Dixon, 1994, Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems, Science, 263, 185, 10.1126/science.263.5144.185

Franzluebbers, 1999, Potential C and N mineralization and microbial biomass from intact and increasingly disturbed soils of varying texture, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, 1083, 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00022-X

Gadgil, 1978, Influence of clearfelling on decomposition of Pinus radiata litter, NZ J. For. Sci., 8, 213

Giddens, 1997, Comparison of some soil properties under Pinus radiata and improved pasture, NZ J. Agric. Res., 40, 409, 10.1080/00288233.1997.9513262

Gifford, R.M., 2000. Changes in soil carbon following land-use changes in Australia. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Development Project Report. Environment Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 1999.

Gifford, R.M., Barrett, D.J., 1999. The carbon content of soil and vegetation in selected areas: changes in soil and plant tissue carbon and nitrogen contents after clearing to pasture and conversion to forest. National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Development Project Report. Environment Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 1999.

Gill, 1990, Evaluation of coastal sandy soils and their saline groundwaters for afforestation: a case study from India, New For., 4, 37, 10.1007/BF00119589

Gilmore, 1963, Effects of past agricultural practices on the survival and growth of planted trees, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 27, 98, 10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700010033x

Grace, 1995, Trends in wheat yields and soil organic carbon in the permanent rotation trial at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute, South Australia, Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 35, 857, 10.1071/EA9950857

Grigal, 1998, Soil carbon changes associated with short-rotation systems, Biol. Bioeng., 14, 371, 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)10073-3

Grove, T.S., O’Connell, A.M., Mendham, D., Barrow, N.J., Rance, S.J., 2000. Sustaining the productivity of tree crops on agricultural land in south-western Australia. Publication No. 99. RIRDC Project No. CSF-53A. Report for the RIRDC/LWRRDC/FWPRDC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program.

Guggenberger, 1994, Land-use effects on the composition of organic matter in particle-size separates of soil. I. Lignin and carbohydrate signature, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 45, 449, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1994.tb00530.x

Hamburg, S.P., Stone, E.L., 1984. Effects of forest growth on soil nitrogen and organic matter pools following release from subsistence agriculture. In: Forest Soils and Treatment Impacts. Proceedings of the Sixth North American Forest Soils Conference, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, June 1983, pp. 145–158.

Hansen, 1993, Soil carbon sequestration beneath hybrid poplar plantations in the North Central United States, Biol. Bioeng., 5, 431, 10.1016/0961-9534(93)90038-6

Harrison, A.F., Howard, P.J.A., Howard, D.M., Howard, D.C., Hornung, M., 1995. Carbon storage in forest soils. In: Greenhouse Gas Balance in Forestry. Forestry Research Coordination Committee Conference, November 1994, pp. 335–348.

Hassink, 1994, Effects of soil texture and grassland management on soil organic C and N and rates of C and N mineralization, Soil Biol. Biochem., 26, 1221, 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90147-3

Henderson, G.S., 1995. Soil organic matter: a link between forest management and productivity. In: Bigham, J.M., Bartels, J.M. (Eds.), Carbon Forms and Functions in Forest Soils. Soils Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 419–435.

Homann, 1995, Soil organic carbon in a mountainous, forested region: relation to site characteristics, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 59, 1468, 10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050037x

Huntington, 1995, Carbon sequestration in an aggrading forest ecosystem in the southeastern USA, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 59, 1459, 10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050036x

Jenkinson, D.S., 1971. The accumulation of organic matter in soil left uncultivated. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report, 1970, pp. 113–137.

Jenkinson, 1992, Calculating net primary production and annual input of organic matter to soil from the amount and radiocarbon content of soil organic matter, Soil Biol. Biochem., 24, 295, 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90189-5

Johnson, 1992, Effects of forest management on soil carbon storage, Water Air Soil Pollut., 64, 83, 10.1007/BF00477097

Johnson, 2001, Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: meta analysis, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 140, 227, 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00282-6

Johnston, 1996, Changes in ecosystem carbon storage over 40 years on an old-field/forest landscape in east-central Minnesota, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 83, 17, 10.1016/0378-1127(96)03704-8

Jug, 1999, Short-rotation plantations of balsam poplars, aspen and willows on former arable land in the Federal Republic of Germany. III. Soil ecological effects, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 121, 85, 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00558-1

Khanna, 1997, Comparison of growth and nutrition of young monocultures and mixed stands of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 94, 105, 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03971-0

Koerner, 1997, Influence of past land use on the vegetation and soils of present day forest in the Vosges mountains, Fr. J. Ecol., 85, 351, 10.2307/2960507

Ladd, 1985, Decomposition of plant material in Australian soils. III. Residual organic and microbial biomass C and N from isotope-labelled legume material and soil organic matter, decomposing under field conditions, Aust. J. Soil Res., 23, 603, 10.1071/SR9850603

Londo, 1999, Forest harvesting effects on soil temperature, moisture, and respiration in a bottomland hardwood forest, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 63, 637, 10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030029x

Lugo, 1986, Land use and organic carbon content of some subtropical soils, Plant Soil, 96, 185, 10.1007/BF02374763

Maclaren, J.P., Wakelin, S.J., 1991. Forestry and forest products as a carbon sink in New Zealand. FRI Bulletin No. 162. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand.

Maggs, 1993, Organic C and nutrients in surface soils from some primary rainforests, derived grasslands and secondary rainforests on the Atherton Tableland in northeast Queensland, Aust. J. Soil Res., 31, 343, 10.1071/SR9930343

Maheswaran, 1989, Soil respiration in eucalypt forests of southeastern Australia, Biol. Fert. Soils, 8, 154, 10.1007/BF00257759

Mann, 1985, A regional comparison of carbon in cultivated and uncultivated Alfisols and Mollisols in the central United States, Geoderma, 36, 241, 10.1016/0016-7061(85)90005-9

Mann, 1986, Changes in soil carbon storage after cultivation, Soil Sci., 142, 279, 10.1097/00010694-198611000-00006

Mattson, 1993, Detrital organic matter and soil CO2 efflux in forests regenerating from cutting in West Virginia, Soil Biol. Biochem., 25, 1241, 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90220-6

McKee, W.H.J., 1982. Changes in soil fertility following prescribed burning on coastal plain pine sites. USDA Forest Service Research Paper. Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, p. 23.

Morris, A.R., Grey, D.C., 1984. A comparison of soil nutrient levels under grassland and two rotations of Pinus patula in the Usutu Forest, Swaziland. In: Schonau, A.P.G., Schutz, C.J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the IUFRO Symposium on Site and Productivity of Fast Growing Plantations, Pretoria, South Africa, pp. 881–892.

Myers, 1996, Growth and water use of Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus radiata plantations irrigated with effluent, Tree Physiol., 16, 211, 10.1093/treephys/16.1-2.211

Nambiar, 1990, Interplay between nutrients, water, root growth and productivity in young plantations, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 30, 213, 10.1016/0378-1127(90)90138-2

Nilsson, 1995, The carbon-sequestration potential of a global afforestation program, Clim. Change, 30, 267, 10.1007/BF01091928

O’Connell, 1994, Decomposition and nutrient content of litter in a fertilized eucalypt forest, Biol. Fert. Soils, 14, 159, 10.1007/BF00337749

O’Connell, 1993, Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on amount and nutrient content of litterfall in a regrowth eucalypt forest, New For., 7, 33, 10.1007/BF00037470

O’Connell, A.M., Sankaran, K.V., 1997. Organic matter accretion, decomposition and mineralisation. In: Nambiar, E.K.S., Brown, A.G. (Eds.), Management of Soil, Nutrients and Water in Tropical Plantation Forests. Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Canberra, ACT, Australia, pp. 443–480.

Parfitt, 1997, Soil and solution chemistry under pasture and radiata pine in New Zealand, Plant Soil, 191, 279, 10.1023/A:1004266000509

Percival, 2000, Factors controlling soil carbon levels in New Zealand grasslands: is clay important?, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 64, 1623, 10.2136/sssaj2000.6451623x

Polglase, P.J., Paul, K.I., Khanna, P.K., Nyakuengama, J.G., O’Connell, A.M., Grove, T.S., Battaglia, M., 2000. Change in soil carbon following afforestation or reforestation: review of experimental evidence and development of a conceptual framework. NCAS Technical Report No. 20. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, ACT, Australia, p. 117.

Post, 2000, Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change: processes and potential, Global Change Biol., 6, 317, 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00308.x

Post, 1982, Soil carbon pools and world life zones, Nature, 298, 156, 10.1038/298156a0

Quideau, 1996, Vegetation and cropping effects of pedogenic processes in a sandy prairie soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 60, 536, 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000020028x

Ramakrishnan, 1981, Soil nutrient status of hill agro-ecosystems and recovery pattern after slash and burn agriculture (jhum) in northeastern India, Plant Soil, 60, 41, 10.1007/BF02377111

Rasmussen, 1994, Long-term effects of residue management in wheat–fallow. I. Inputs, yield, and soil organic matter, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58, 523, 10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800020039x

Resh, S., 1999. N-fixing tropical trees sequester soil carbon. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Rhoades, 2000, Soil carbon differences among forest, agriculture, and secondary vegetation in lower montane Ecuador, Ecol. Appl., 10, 497, 10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0497:SCDAFA]2.0.CO;2

Richter, D.D., Markewitz, D., Dunsomb, J.K., Heine, P.R., Wells, C.G., Stuanes, A., Allen, H.L., Urrego, B., Harrison, K., Bonani, G., McFee, W.W., 1995. Carbon cycling in a loblolly pine forest: implications for the missing carbon sink and for the concept of soil. In: Kelly, J.M. (Ed.), Carbon Forms and Functions in Forest Soils. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 233–251.

Richter, 1999, Rapid accumulation and turnover of soil carbon in a re-establishing forest, Nature, 400, 56, 10.1038/21867

Romanya, 2000, Modelling changes in soil organic matter after planting fast-growing Pinus radiata on Mediterranean agricultural soils, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 51, 627, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2000.00343.x

Ross, 1999, Land-use change: effects on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pools and fluxes in three adjacent ecosystems, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, 803, 10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00180-1

Schiffman, 1989, Phytomass and detrital carbon storage during forest regrowth in the southeastern United States Piedmont, Can. J. For. Res., 19, 69, 10.1139/x89-010

Schlesinger, 1977, Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus, Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 8, 51, 10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.000411

Schroeder, 1991, Can intensive management increase carbon storage in forests?, Environ. Mgmt., 15, 475, 10.1007/BF02394738

Scott, 1999, Soil carbon storage in plantation forests and pastures: land-use change implications, Tellus Ser. B, 51, 326, 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.00015.x

Sharpe, 1981, Land use and carbon storage in Georgia forests, J. Environ. Mgmt., 12, 221

Shvidenko, 1997, Possibilities for increased carbon sequestration through the implementation of rational forest management in Russia, Water Air Soil Pollut., 94, 137, 10.1007/BF02407099

Simmons, 1996, Forest floor carbon pools and fluxes along a regional climate gradient in Maine, USA, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 84, 81, 10.1016/0378-1127(96)03739-5

Skjemstad, J.O., Spouncer, L.R., Beech, T.A., 2000. Carbon conversion factors for historical soil carbon data. Report for the National Carbon Accounting System, Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Smethurst, 1990, Distribution of carbon and nutrients and fluxes of mineral nitrogen after clear-felling a Pinus radiata plantation, Can. J. For. Res., 20, 1490, 10.1139/x90-197

Smethurst, 1990, Effects of slash and litter management on fluxes of nitrogen and tree growth in a young Pinus radiata plantation, Can. J. For. Res., 20, 1498, 10.1139/x90-198

Smith, D.M., 1986. The Practice of Silviculture. Wiley, New York.

Snowdon, P., Eamus, D., Gibbons, P., Khanna, P.K., Keith, H., Raison, R.J., Kirschbaum, M.U.F., 2000. Synthesis of allometrics, review of root:shoot ratios, and design of future woody biomass sampling strategies. Report for the National Carbon Accounting System, Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Sorensen, 1981, Carbon–nitrogen relationships during the humification of cellulose in soils containing different amounts of clay, Soil Biol. Biochem., 13, 313, 10.1016/0038-0717(81)90068-7

Spain, 1990, Influence of environmental conditions and some soil chemical properties on the carbon and nitrogen contents of some tropical Australian rainforest soils, Aust. J. Soil Res., 28, 825, 10.1071/SR9900825

Sparling, 1994, Microbial C and N in re-vegetated wheatbelt soils in western Australia: estimation in soil humus and leaf-litter using the ninhydrin method, Soil Biol. Biochem., 26, 1179, 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90141-4

Tate, 1997, Organic carbon stocks in New Zealand’s terrestrial ecosystems, J. R. Soc. NZ, 27, 315, 10.1080/03014223.1997.9517541

Tolbert, 2000, Increasing belowground carbon sequestration with conversion of agricultural lands to production of bioenergy crops, NZ J. For. Sci., 30, 138

Trouve, 1994, Soil organic carbon dynamics under Eucalyptus and Pinus planted on savannahs in the Congo, Soil Biol. Biochem., 26, 287, 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90169-4

Trouve, 1996, Changes in the amount and distribution of neutral monosaccharides of savannah soils after plantation of Pinus and Eucalyptus in the Congo, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 47, 51, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01371.x

Turner, 1986, Nutrition and nutritional relationships of Pinus radiata, Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 17, 325, 10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.001545

Turner, 2000, Change in organic carbon in forest plantation soils in eastern Australia, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 133, 231, 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00236-4

Turner, 1995, Carbon sequestration by forests of the United States—current status and projections to the year 2040, Tellus Ser. B, 47, 232, 10.1034/j.1600-0889.47.issue1.19.x

Webber, 1990, Forest soil respiration after cutting and burning in immature aspen ecosystems, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 31, 1, 10.1016/0378-1127(90)90107-M

Whitbread, 1998, A survey of the impact of cropping on soil physical and chemical properties in north-western New South Wales, Aust. J. Soil Res., 36, 669, 10.1071/S97031

Whiteley, 1991. Dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen accumulation and distribution in soils following farm woodland planting. In: Wilson, W.S. (Ed.), Advances in Soil Organic Matter Research: The Impact on Agriculture and the Environment. The Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 285–292.

Wilde, 1964, Changes in soil productivity induced by pine plantations, Soil Sci., 97, 276, 10.1097/00010694-196404000-00009

Will, 1983, Nutrient losses from litterbags containing Pinus radiata litter: influences of thinning, clearfelling and urea fertiliser, NZ J. For. Sci., 13, 291

Woods, 1992, Effect of annual weeds on water and nitrogen availability to Pinus radiata trees in a young plantation, For. Ecol. Mgmt., 48, 145, 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90127-U

Yeates, 1997, Soil microbial C, N and P, and microfaunal populations under Pinus radiata and grazed pasture land-use systems, Pedobiologia, 41, 549

Zak, 1990, Carbon and nitrogen cycling during old-field succession: constraints on plant and microbial biomass, Biogeochemistry, 11, 111, 10.1007/BF00002062

Zech, 1997, Soil organic matter transformation in Argentinian Hapludolls, Zeit. für Pfl. Bod., 160, 563, 10.1002/jpln.19971600507

Zhang, 1999, Land-use effects on amino sugars in particle size fractions of an Argiudoll, Appl. Soil Ecol., 11, 271, 10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00136-X

Zou, 1998, Soil carbon accretion and earthworm recovery following revegetation in abandoned sugarcane fields, Soil Biol. Biochem., 30, 825, 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00155-7