Challenges with formalizing artisanal and small-scale mining in Cameroon: Understanding the role of Chinese actors
Tài liệu tham khảo
Armah, F.A., Luginaah, I.N., Taabazuing, J., & Odoi, J.O., 2013. Artisanal gold mining and surface water pollution in Ghana: have the foreign invaders come to stay? Environmental justice, 6(3), 94–102. 10.1089/env.2013.0006.
Aryee, 2003, Trends in the small-scale mining of precious minerals in Ghana: a perspective on its environmental impact, J. Clean. Prod., 11, 131, 10.1016/S0959-6526(02)00043-4
Asante, 2018
Benjaminsen, 2002, Formalising land tenure in rural Africa, Forum Dev. Stud., 29, 362, 10.1080/08039410.2002.9666212
Brautigam, 2009, The dragon's gift: the real story of China in Africa, Int. Public Manag. Rev., 15
Byemba, 2020, Formalization of artisanal and small-scale mining in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: an opportunity for women in the new tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold (3TG) supply chain?, Extr. Ind. Soc., 7, 420
Cameroun, 2003 a. Arreten pm du juillet 2003 portant organisation et fonctionnement d-u cadred’ appuiet de promotion de L'artisanat minier.
Cameroun, 2003 b. Decision 238 minmee cab du 1 er avril 2003 portant creationd'une celluled'appuiet de promotion de L'artisanat minier.
Cameroun, 2016. Loin 2016/017 Du 14 Décembre 2016 Portant code minier.
2012
Chupezi, 2009
Crawford, 2016, Foreign involvement in small-scale gold mining in Ghana and its impact on resource fairness, 193
Crawford, 2017, Conflict, collusion and corruption in small-scale gold mining: Chinese miners and the state in Ghana, Commonw. Comp. Politics, 55, 444, 10.1080/14662043.2017.1283479
2019, 12
Downs, 2007, The fact and fiction of Sino-African energy relations, China Secur., 3, 42
Drechsler, 2001
Etemad, 2003, List of acronyms, 53
Fox, 2009, 1
Garrett, N., 2007. The extractive industries transparency initiative (EITI) artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), October.
Hentschel, T., Hruschka, F., & Priester, M., 2002. Global report on artisanal and small-scale mining, Report commissioned by the mining, minerals and sustainable development of the International Institute for Environment and Development. http://www.iied.org/mmsd/mmsdpdfs/asmglobal-report-draft-jan02-pdf-on-20-(08)-45-(2002)-2008.
Hentschel, 2003, 1
Hilson, 2002, Harvesting mineral riches: 1000 years of gold mining in Ghana, Resour. Policy, 28, 13, 10.1016/S0301-4207(03)00002-3
Hilson, 2009, Small-scale mining, poverty and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa: an overview, Resour. Policy, 34, 1, 10.1016/j.resourpol.2008.12.001
Hilson, 2020, Formalization bubbles’: a blueprint for sustainable artisanal 130 and small-scale mining (ASM) in sub-Saharan Africa, Extr. Ind. Soc., 7, 1624
Hilson, 2009, Are alternative livelihood projects alleviating poverty in mining communities? Experiences from Ghana, J. Dev. Stud., 45, 172, 10.1080/00220380802553057
Hilson, 2014, Chinese participation in Ghana's informal gold mining economy: drivers, implications and clarifications, J. Rural Stud., 34, 292, 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.03.001
Hilson, 2017, Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in sub-Saharan Africa: re-conceptualizing formalization and ‘illegal’ activity, Geoforum, 83, 80, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.05.004
Hilson, 2017, Formalising artisanal and small-scale mining: insights, contestations and clarifications, Area, 49, 443, 10.1111/area.12328
Hilson, 2021, Formalizing artisanal and small-scale mining in Mozambique: concerns, priorities and challenges, Resour. Policy, 71, 10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102001
Hilson, 2005, Structural adjustment and subsistence industry: artisanal gold mining in Ghana, Dev. Chang., 36, 103, 10.1111/j.0012-155X.2005.00404.x
Ingram, 2011, Where artisanal mines and forest meet: socio-economic and environmental 75 impacts in the Congo basin, Nat. Resour. Forum, 35, 10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01408.x
Janneh, 2011
Jennings, N., 1999.Social and labour issues in small-scale mines, International Labour organization sectoral activities Programme. Report for Discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines, Geneva.
Labonne, 2003
Likert, 2011
Maconachie, 2021, Artisanal mining policy reforms, informality and challenges to the sustainable development goals in Sierra Leone, Environ. Sci. Policy, 116, 38, 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.10.011
Maconachie, 2011, Safeguarding livelihoods or exacerbating poverty? Artisanal mining and formalization in West Africa, Nat. Resour. Forum, 35, 293, 10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01407.x
McQuilken, J. & Hilson G., 2016. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Ghana: evidence to inform an action dialogue. https://pubs.iied.org/16618iied.
Mcquilken, 2018, Mapping small-scale mineral production networks: the case of alluvial diamonds in Ghana, Dev. Chang., 49, 978, 10.1111/dech.12403
Meinzen-Dick, 2009, Cutting the web of interests: pitfalls of formalizing property rights, Land Use Policy, 26, 36, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2007.06.003
Mensah, 2021, Legal pluralism in practice: critical reflections on the formalisation of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) and customary land tenure 120 in Ghana, Extr. Ind. Soc., 8
Mertens, B., Shu, G.N., Steil, M. & Tessa, B. 2012.Interactive forest atlas of Cameroon 75 dataset v1–3, World Resources Inst, Overview Report.
MOFCOM, 2014 a. Cameroon has amended its mining law to allow the government to directly levy 15 per cent of the gold produced from each mining site.
MOFCOM, 2014 b. Cameroon's government has a long way to go to improve its artisanal mining industry.
Mohammed Banchirigah, 2006, How have reforms fuelled the expansion of artisanal mining? Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa, Resour. Policy, 31, 165, 10.1016/j.resourpol.2006.12.001
Nodem, V., Bamenjo, J.N., & Schwartz, B., 2012.Sub national natural resource revenue management in Cameroon: forest and mining royalities in Yokadouma, East Cameroun, Network for the Fight Against Hunger, Yaound´e.
Okoh, 2011, Poverty and livelihood diversification: exploring the 90 linkages between smallholder farming and artisanal mining in rural Ghana, J. Int. Dev., 23, 1100, 10.1002/jid.1834
Pacheco, 2008
Pedersen, 2021, Mineral exhaustion and its livelihood implications for artisanal and small-scale miners, Environ. Sci. Policy, 119, 34, 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.02.002
People's China Daily. 2017. Chinese company completes construction of Cameroon's Lom Pangar Dam. Accessed in 12.20.2021. http://en.people.cn/n3/2017/0711/c90000-9240131.html.
Perks, 2021, Schneck, COVID-19 in artisanal and small-scale mining communities: preliminary results from a global rapid data collection exercise, Environ. Sci. Policy, 121, 37, 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.03.007
Putzel, 2011, 82
Putzel, L., S. Assembe-Mvondo, L.B.B. Ndong, R.P. Banioguila, P. Cerutti, J.C. Tieguhong, R. Djeukam, N. Kabuyaya, G. Lescuyer, and W. Mala. 2011. Chinese trade and investment and the forests of the Congo Basin: synthesis of scoping studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon, Vol. 67, CIFOR.
Reilly, 2007, China's corporate engagement in Africa, Afr. China's Glob. Strateg., 132
Schure, 2011, Is the god of diamonds alone? The role of institutions in artisanal mining in forest landscapes, Congo basin, Resour. Policy, 36, 363, 10.1016/j.resourpol.2011.09.002
Seccatore, 2014, An estimation of the artisanal small-scale production of gold in the world, Sci. Total Environ., 496, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.003
Siegel, 2009, Artisanal and small-scale mining as an extralegal economy: De Soto and the redefinition of “formalization, Resour. Policy, 34, 51, 10.1016/j.resourpol.2008.02.001
Spiegel, 2015, Shifting formalization policies and recentralizing power: the case of Zimbabwe's artisanal gold mining sector, Soc. Nat. Resour., 28, 543, 10.1080/08941920.2015.1014606
Spiegel, S.J., 2012. Informal resource sectors and the de- /re-centralisation of power, Georgraphies of inequality in Africa and Asia.
Suh, 2006, Geology and geochemical aspects of lode gold mineralization at Dimako-Mboscorro, SE Cameroon, geochemistry: exploration, environment, Analysis, 6, 295
Tetsopgang, S., C. Nzolang and G. Kuepouo,2007. Environmental and socioeconomic assessment of an artisanal gold mine field: case of b´etar´e-oya, east-cameroon, International report, Centre de Recherch´e et D'education pour le Developpement (CREPD), 4–10.
Twerefou, 2009, Mineral exploitaiton, environmental sustainability and sustainable development in EAC, SADC and ECOWAS Regions, Econ. Comm. Afr., 1
Van Bockstael, 2014, The persistence of informality: perspectives on the future of artisanal mining in Liberia, Futures, 62, 10, 10.1016/j.futures.2014.02.004
Van Bockstael, 2019, Land grabbing “from below”? Illicit artisanal gold mining and access to land in post-conflict Cˆote d'ivoire, Land Use Policy, 81, 904, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.04.045
Vieira, 2006, Mercury-free gold mining technologies: Possibilities for adoption in the Guianas, J. Clean. Prod., 14, 448, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.09.007
Vines, A., Wong, L., Weimer, M. & Campos, I. 2010. Thirst for African oil, Asian National Oil Companies in Nigeria and Angola.
Weng, 2013, Mineral industries, growth corridors and agricultural development in Africa, Glob. Food Secur., 2, 195, 10.1016/j.gfs.2013.07.003
Weng, 2015, Asian investment at artisanal and small-scale mines in rural Cameroon, Extr. Ind. Soc., 2, 64