Cerebellar gray matter and lobular volumes correlate with core autism symptoms

Akshoomoff, 2004, Outcome classification of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders using MRI brain measures, J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 43, 349, 10.1097/00004583-200403000-00018 Allen, 2004, Cerebellar function in autism: functional magnetic resonance image activation during a simple motor task, Biol. Psychiatry, 56, 269, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.005 Amaral, 2008, Neuroanatomy of autism, Trends Neurosci., 31, 137, 10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.005 1994 Ashburner, 2000, Voxel-based morphometry — the methods, NeuroImage, 11, 805, 10.1006/nimg.2000.0582 Assaf, 2010, Abnormal functional connectivity of default mode sub-networks in autism spectrum disorder patients, NeuroImage, 53, 247, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.067 Bailey, 1998, A clinicopathological study of autism, Brain, 121, 889, 10.1093/brain/121.5.889 Bauman, 2005, Neuroanatomic observations of the brain in autism: a review and future directions, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 23, 183, 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.09.006 Bernard, 2012, Resting state cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity networks: a comparison of anatomical and self-organizing map approaches, Front. Neuroanat., 6, 31, 10.3389/fnana.2012.00031 Bolduc, 2012, Regional cerebellar volumes predict functional outcome in children with cerebellar malformations, Cerebellum, 11, 531, 10.1007/s12311-011-0312-z Buckner, 2011, The organization of the human cerebellum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity, J. Neurophysiol., 106, 2322, 10.1152/jn.00339.2011 Carper, 2000, Inverse correlation between frontal lobe and cerebellum sizes in children with autism, Brain, 123, 836, 10.1093/brain/123.4.836 Chen, 2005, Temporal dynamics of cerebro-cerebellar network recruitment during a cognitive task, Neuropsychologia, 43, 1227, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.12.015 Courchesne, 1997, Brainstem, cerebellar and limbic neuroanatomical abnormalities in autism, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 7, 269, 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80016-5 Courchesne, 2011, Brain growth across the life span in autism: age-specific changes in anatomical pathology, Brain Res., 1380, 138, 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.101 Courchesne, 1994, Abnormality of cerebellar vermian lobules VI and VII in patients with infantile autism: identification of hypoplastic and hyperplastic subgroups with MR imaging, A.J.R. Am. J. Roentgenol., 162, 123, 10.2214/ajr.162.1.8273650 Courchesne, 1988, Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII in autism, N. Engl. J. Med., 318, 1349, 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 D'Urso, 2014, Transcranial direct current stimulation for autistic disorder, Biol. Psychiatry, 76, e5, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.009 Dapretto, 2006, Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders, Nat. Neurosci., 9, 28, 10.1038/nn1611 Diedrichsen, 2006, A spatially unbiased atlas template of the human cerebellum, NeuroImage, 33, 127, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.056 Diedrichsen, 2009, A probabilistic MR atlas of the human cerebellum, NeuroImage, 46, 39, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.045 Duerden, 2012, Regional differences in grey and white matter in children and adults with autism spectrum disorders: an activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis, Autism Res., 5, 49, 10.1002/aur.235 Edwards, 2014, A meta-analysis of imitation abilities in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, Autism Res., 7, 363, 10.1002/aur.1379 Fatemi, 2012, Consensus paper: pathological role of the cerebellum in autism, Cerebellum, 11, 777, 10.1007/s12311-012-0355-9 Fatemi, 2002, Purkinje cell Size is reduced in cerebellum of patients with autism, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 22, 171, 10.1023/A:1019861721160 Gidley Larson, 2008, Evidence that the pattern of visuomotor sequence learning is altered in children with autism, Autism Res., 1, 341, 10.1002/aur.54 Gillberg, 1994, Autistic behaviour and attention deficits in tuberous sclerosis: a population-based Study, Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 36, 50, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11765.x Good, 2001, A voxel-based morphometric study of ageing in 465 normal adult human brains, NeuroImage, 14, 21, 10.1006/nimg.2001.0786 Harris, 2006, Brain activation during semantic processing in autism spectrum disorders via functional magnetic resonance imaging, Brain Cogn., 61, 54, 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.015 Hodge, 2010, Cerebellum, language, and cognition in autism and specific language impairment, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 40, 300, 10.1007/s10803-009-0872-7 Hoover, 1999, The organization of cerebellar and basal ganglia outputs to primary motor cortex as revealed by retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus Type 1, J. Neurosci., 19, 1446, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-04-01446.1999 Hunt, 1993, A prevalence study of autism in tuberous sclerosis, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 23, 323, 10.1007/BF01046223 Ito, 2006, Cerebellar circuitry as a neuronal machine, Prog. Neurobiol., 78, 272, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.02.006 Ito, 2008, Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 9, 304, 10.1038/nrn2332 Jack, 2011, Subcortical contributions to effective connectivity in brain networks supporting imitation, Neuropsychologia, 49, 3689, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.024 Kaufmann, 2003, Specificity of cerebellar vermian abnormalities in autism: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study, J. Child Neurol., 18, 463, 10.1177/08830738030180070501 Kelly, 2003, Cerebellar loops with motor cortex and prefrontal cortex of a nonhuman primate, J. Neurosci., 23, 8432, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-23-08432.2003 Kessler, 2006, Investigating the human mirror neuron system by means of cortical synchronization during the imitation of biological movements, NeuroImage, 33, 227, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.014 Klucharev, 2009, Reinforcement learning signal predicts social conformity, Neuron, 61, 140, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.11.027 Kosaka, 2010, Smaller insula and inferior frontal Volumes in young adults with pervasive developmental disorders, NeuroImage, 50, 1357, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.085 Landa, 2006, Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: a prospective study, J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 47, 629, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01531.x Leonard, 2014, Motor development in children at risk of autism: a follow-up study of infant siblings, Autism, 18, 281, 10.1177/1362361312470037 Leslie, 2004, Functional imaging of face and hand imitation: towards a motor theory of empathy, NeuroImage, 21, 601, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.038 Levitt, 1999, Cerebellar vermis lobules VIII-X in autism, Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 23, 625, 10.1016/S0278-5846(99)00021-4 Limperopoulos, 2007, Does cerebellar injury in premature infants contribute to the high prevalence of long-term cognitive, learning, and behavioral disability in survivors?, Pediatrics, 120, 584, 10.1542/peds.2007-1041 Limperopoulos, 2010, Cerebellar injury in the premature infant is associated with impaired growth of specific cerebral regions, Pediatr. Res., 68, 145, 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181e1d032 Linkenauger, 2012, A perceptual-motor deficit predicts social and communicative impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, Autism Res., 5, 352, 10.1002/aur.1248 Lord, 2000, The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 30, 205, 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Lord, 1994, Autism diagnostic interview-revised: a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 24, 659, 10.1007/BF02172145 Mathiak, 2002, Cerebellum and speech perception: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 14, 902, 10.1162/089892902760191126 Mathiak, 2004, Discrimination of temporal information at the cerebellum: functional magnetic resonance imaging of nonverbal auditory memory, NeuroImage, 21, 154, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.036 Mechelli, 2005, Voxel-based morphometry of the human brain: methods and applications, Curr. Med. Imaging Rev., 1, 105, 10.2174/1573405054038726 Mostofsky, 2006, Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders, J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc., 12, 314, 10.1017/S1355617706060437 Mostofsky, 2009, Decreased connectivity and cerebellar activity in autism during motor task performance, Brain, 132, 2413, 10.1093/brain/awp088 Mottron, 2004, Matching strategies in cognitive research with individuals with high-functioning autism: current practices, instrument biases, and recommendations, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 34, 19, 10.1023/B:JADD.0000018070.88380.83 Müller, 2003, Abnormal variability and distribution of functional maps in autism: an fMRI study of visuomotor learning, Am. J. Psychiatry, 160, 1847, 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.10.1847 Murakami, 1989, Reduced cerebellar hemisphere size and its relationship to vermal hypoplasia in autism, Arch. Neurol., 46, 689, 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520420111032 Noterdaeme, 2010, Asperger's syndrome and high-functioning autism: language, motor and cognitive profiles, Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 19, 475, 10.1007/s00787-009-0057-0 Pierce, 2001, Evidence for a cerebellar role in reduced exploration and stereotyped behavior in autism, Biol. Psychiatry, 49, 655, 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01008-8 Piven, 1997, Cognitive deficits in parents from multiple-incidence autism families, J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 38, 1011, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01618.x Redcay, 2013, Intrinsic functional network organization in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, Front. Hum. Neurosci., 7, 573, 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00573 Riva, 2013, Gray matter reduction in the vermis and CRUS-II is associated with social and interaction deficits in low-functioning children with autistic Spectrum disorders: a VBM-DARTEL study, Cerebellum, 12, 676, 10.1007/s12311-013-0469-8 Rogers, 1991, A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism, Develop. Psychopathol., 3, 137, 10.1017/S0954579400000043 Rogers, 2013, Is autism a disease of the cerebellum? An integration of clinical and pre-clinical research, Front. Syst. Neurosci., 7, 15, 10.3389/fnsys.2013.00015 Rojas, 2006, Regional gray matter volumetric changes in autism associated with social and repetitive behavior symptoms, B.M.C. Psychiatry, 6, 56 Salmond, 2007, Heterogeneity in the patterns of neural abnormality in autistic spectrum disorders: evidence from ERP and MRI, Cortex, 43, 686, 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70498-2 Schmahmann, 1998, The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, Brain, 121, 561, 10.1093/brain/121.4.561 Schmahmann, 1991, An emerging concept. The cerebellar contribution to higher function, Arch. Neurol., 48, 1178, 10.1001/archneur.1991.00530230086029 Sens, 2011, The role of the cerebellum in auditory processing using the SSI test, Braz. J Otorhinolaryngol., 77, 584, 10.1590/S1808-86942011000500008 Smalley, 1992, Autism and tuberous sclerosis, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 22, 339, 10.1007/BF01048239 Solomon, 2009, The neural substrates of cognitive control deficits in autism spectrum disorders, Neuropsychologia, 47, 2515, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.04.019 Stoodley, 2012, The cerebellum and cognition: evidence from functional imaging studies, Cerebellum, 11, 352, 10.1007/s12311-011-0260-7 Stoodley, 2014, Distinct regions of the cerebellum show gray matter decreases in autism, ADHD, and developmental dyslexia, Front. Syst. Neurosci., 8, 92, 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00092 Stoodley, 2009, Functional topography in the human cerebellum: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies, NeuroImage, 44, 489, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.08.039 Stoodley, 2010, Evidence for topographic organization in the cerebellum of motor control versus cognitive and affective processing, Cortex, 46, 831, 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.11.008 Strick, 2009, Cerebellum and nonmotor function, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 32, 413, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125606 Tavano, 2007, Disorders of cognitive and affective development in cerebellar malformations, Brain, 130, 2646, 10.1093/brain/awm201 Travers, 2013, Motor difficulties in autism spectrum disorder: linking symptom severity and postural stability, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 43, 1568, 10.1007/s10803-012-1702-x Van Overwalle, 2014, Social cognition and the cerebellum: a meta-analysis of over 350 fMRI studies, NeuroImage, 86, 554, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.033 Verly, 2014, Altered functional connectivity of the language network in ASD: role of classical language areas and cerebellum, Neuroimage Clin., 4, 374, 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.01.008 Wang, 2007, Reading affect in the face and voice: neural correlates of interpreting communicative intent in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 64, 698, 10.1001/archpsyc.64.6.698 Wang, 2014, The cerebellum, sensitive periods, and autism, Neuron, 83, 518, 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.07.016 Washington, 2014, Dysmaturation of the default mode network in autism, Hum. Brain Mapp., 35, 1284, 10.1002/hbm.22252 Weber, 2000, Autism and the cerebellum: evidence from tuberous sclerosis, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 30, 511, 10.1023/A:1005679108529 Wechsler, 2003 Whitney, 2009, Density of cerebellar basket and stellate cells in autism: evidence for a late developmental loss of Purkinje cells, J. Neurosci. Res., 87, 2245, 10.1002/jnr.22056 Wing, 1979, Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children: epidemiology and classification, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 9, 11, 10.1007/BF01531288 Yeo, 2011, The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity, J. Neurophysiol., 106, 1125, 10.1152/jn.00338.2011 Yu, 2011, Can Asperger syndrome be distinguished from autism? An anatomic likelihood meta-analysis of MRI studies, J Psychiatry Neurosci, 36, 412, 10.1503/jpn.100138