Centuries of Human-Driven Change in Salt Marsh Ecosystems

Annual Review of Marine Science - Tập 1 Số 1 - Trang 117-141 - 2009
Keryn B. Gedan1, Brian R. Silliman2, Mark D. Bertness3
1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 USA
2Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912

Tóm tắt

Salt marshes are among the most abundant, fertile, and accessible coastal habitats on earth, and they provide more ecosystem services to coastal populations than any other environment. Since the Middle Ages, humans have manipulated salt marshes at a grand scale, altering species composition, distribution, and ecosystem function. Here, we review historic and contemporary human activities in marsh ecosystems—exploitation of plant products; conversion to farmland, salt works, and urban land; introduction of non-native species; alteration of coastal hydrology; and metal and nutrient pollution. Unexpectedly, diverse types of impacts can have a similar consequence, turning salt marsh food webs upside down, dramatically increasing top down control. Of the various impacts, invasive species, runaway consumer effects, and sea level rise represent the greatest threats to salt marsh ecosystems. We conclude that the best way to protect salt marshes and the services they provide is through the integrated approach of ecosystem-based management.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1017/S0376892902000048

Adamowicz SC, 2002, Initial Ecosystem Response of Salt Marshes to Ditch Plugging and Pool Creation: Experiments at Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge (Maine)

10.1672/4

10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01224.x

10.3354/meps07089

10.1890/07-0045.1

Álvarez-Rogel J, 2004, Fresenius Environ. Bull., 13, 274

10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00559.x

Atwater BF, 1979, San Francisco Bay: The Urbanized Estuary, Investigations into the Natural History of San Francisco Bay and Delta with Reference to the Influence of Man, 347

10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.04.005

Barras J, Beville S, Britsch D, Hartley S, Hawes S, et al. 2004. Historical and projected coastal Louisiana land changes: 1978–2050. USGS Open-File Report 03-334, 39 p.

10.1007/BF02187365

10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00801.x

10.2307/1942621

10.1073/pnas.022447299

10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00962.x

10.1021/es990673l

10.2307/1351627

10.3354/meps178079

10.1016/j.jnc.2004.10.001

Bourn WS, Cottam C. 1950. Some Biological Effects of Ditching Tidewater Marshes. U.S. Dep. Int. Fish Wildl. Serv. Res. Rep. 19

10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00241.x

Bridbury AR. 1955. England and the Salt Trade in the Later Middle Ages. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 198 pp.

10.1007/BF02696012

10.1007/s10530-005-2889-y

Buchsbaum R, 2001, Applied Wetlands Science and Technology, 323

10.1111/1467-8306.00299

10.1007/BF02798648

Carlton JT, 1979, History, Biogeography, and Ecology of the Introduced Marine and Estuarine Invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America

10.1016/S0304-3770(99)00055-8

Chapman VJ, 1977, Wet Coastal Ecosystems, 1

10.1029/2002GB001917

Clarke JA, 1984, J. Field Ornithol., 55, 160

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.05.007

10.1007/BF00177889

10.1038/387253a0

Costanza R, 2007, Valuing New Jersey's Natural Capital: An Assessment of the Economic Value of the State's Natural Resources

Crain CM, Bromberg KD, Dionne M. 2008. Hydrologic alteration of New England tidal marshes by mosquito ditching and tidal restriction. In Anthropogenic Modification of North American Salt Marshes, ed. BR Silliman, MD Bertness, D Strong. In press

10.1890/03-0745

10.1023/A:1011404914338

10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970201.x

10.1016/S0022-0981(99)00041-6

10.1007/s10653-005-9019-8

10.1016/0006-3207(96)00017-1

Daigh FC, 1938, Proc. N. J. Mosq. Exterm. Comm., 25, 209

Day JW, 1998, J. Coastal Res., 14, 583

10.1890/06-0452.1

10.1007/978-94-009-4065-9_4

10.1016/0006-3207(90)90151-E

10.1073/pnas.251209298

Doody JP, 1992, Saltmarshes: Morphodynamics, Conservation and Engineering Significance, 184

10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01285.x

10.1890/02-0779

10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00314.x

10.1086/328394

10.2307/2442198

10.1007/s004420050689

Hatvany MG. 2003. Marshlands: Four Centuries of Environmental Change on the Shores of the St. Lawrence. Quebec, Canada: Les Presses de l'Universite Laval. 184 pp.

10.1079/SUM200166

10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.10100.x

10.1002/ird.340

10.1007/BF02803384

Hulsman K, 1989, J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 5, 226

IPCC IPoCC, 2007, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis

10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0235:PVCABU]2.0.CO;2

10.1007/978-94-011-5670-7_9

10.2307/2259384

10.2307/2265935

10.2307/214178

10.1007/s004420050242

10.1016/0025-326X(94)00173-7

10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00147-4

10.1007/s10152-004-0201-7

10.1016/S0964-5691(00)00047-8

10.7312/lasz12198

10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00104-2

LeJemtel Hostle F. 2004. Poitou-Charentes: Gastronomy—A Cuisine Based on the Gifts of Surf and Turf. http://www.France.com/docs/111.html

10.1007/BF00048167

Lesser CR, 1976, Mosq. News, 36, 6977

10.1007/s10021-001-0021-4

10.1890/04-1752

10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01167.x

10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00253.x

10.1007/s10152-004-0208-0

10.1126/science.1128035

10.2307/1352658

10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00065-X

Mendelssohn IA, 1999, Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology, 59

10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0770:CCHATS]2.0.CO;2

10.1890/02-5136

10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01099.x

Mitsch WJ, Gosselink JG. 2000. Wetlands. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 3rdedition

Moeller I, 1996, J. Coast. Res., 12, 1009

10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2

10.2307/1351977

10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.02033.x

10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1391:MGMOBF]2.0.CO;2

Nesbit DM. 1885. Tide marshes of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Dep. Agric. Sp. Rep. No. 7

10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0122:CGATDO]2.0.CO;2

10.1007/978-1-4757-5177-2_20

Nixon SW. 1982. The ecology of New England high salt marshes: a community profile. Washington, DC: U.S. Dep. Int. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-81/55. 70 pp.

Odum EP, 1971, Fundamentals of Ecology

10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.001051

10.1023/A:1010047731369

10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01033.x

Pinder DA, 1990, Wetlands: A Threatened Landscape, 235

10.1007/s002679900219

10.1023/A:1005715520988

10.2307/1352718

Powers WL, 1922, Land Drainage

Provost MW, 1977, Mosq. News, 37, 689

10.2307/2401421

10.1023/A:1021389327224

10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00626.x

Reed A, 1971, Nat. Can., 98, 905

10.1007/s10152-004-0202-6

Resh VH, 2001, Bioassessment and Management of North American Freshwater Wetlands

10.1007/BF02696066

10.1007/BF01866935

10.1006/ecss.1997.0236

10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01036.x

10.1016/0304-3770(91)90021-V

Rozema J, 2000, Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology, 469

Russell HS. 1976. A Long, Deep Furrow. Hanover, NH: Univ. Press of New England. 672 pp.

10.1073/pnas.032477999

Sanlaville P, 2002, The Iraqi Marshlands, 133

Seasholes NS. 2003. Gaining Ground. Boston, MA: MIT Press. 533 pp.

Sebold KR, 1992, From Marsh to Farm: The Landscape Transformation of Coastal New Jersey

Sebold KR, 1998, The Low Green Prairies of the Sea: Economic Usage and Cultural Construction of the Gulf of Maine Salt Marshes

Shisler JK, 1977, Mosq. News, 37, 631

Shoreline Study. 2005. South San Francisco Bay Shoreline Study: Project Management Plan. Funded U.S. Army Corps Eng./Santa Clara Valley Water District/Calif. State Coastal Conservancy San Francisco

10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00025-3

10.1073/pnas.162366599

10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00112.x

Silliman BR, Grosholz E, Bertness MD. 2008. A synthesis of anthropogenic impacts on North American salt marshes. In Anthropogenic Modification of North American Salt Marshes, ed. BR Silliman, MD Bertness, D Strong. In press

10.1073/pnas.2535227100

10.1126/science.1118229

10.2307/2679964

10.2307/1931800

Smith JB, 1904, Report NJ Agric. Exp. Stn. Mosquitoes Occurring Within the State, Their Habits, Life History, etc.

10.1017/S0376892900035864

Stearns LA, 1936, Proc. N. J. Mosq. Exterm. Comm., 22, 128

10.1672/5-20

10.1016/j.envpol.2006.12.010

10.1007/s002270000472

10.2307/1933451

Tiner RW, 2002, Wetland Status and Trends for the Hackensack Meadowlands. An Assessment Report from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory Program

10.2307/1352025

Turner RE, 1976, Contrib. Mar. Sci., 20, 47

10.2307/1352716

10.1126/science.1129116

10.1890/06-0822.1

UN Environ. Prog. (EP) 2006. Marine and Coastal Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Synthesis Report Based on the Findings of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. 76 pp.

Valiela I, 1998, J. Coast. Res., 14, 218

10.1038/280652a0

10.4319/lo.1976.21.2.0245

10.1007/BF00396259

10.1007/BF02732853

10.1126/science.277.5325.494

Ward LG, Kearney MS, Stevenson JC. 1998. Variations in sedimentary environments and accretionary patterns in estuarine marshes undergoing rapid submergence, Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Geol. 151

10.2307/1939504

10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00036-5

10.1016/j.envint.2003.11.002

10.1007/s10530-006-9081-x

10.7208/chicago/9780226899053.001.0001

10.1016/0025-326X(94)90152-X

10.2307/1353170

Yoshinobu S, 1998, Sediments of Time: Environment and Society in Chinese History, 135

10.2307/2269555

10.1080/07352680490514673