Centimetric circular areas uncolonized by microbial biofilms (CUMBs) on marble surfaces and insights on a lichen-related origin

Ariño, 1995, Lichen colonization of the roman pavement at baelo claudia (cadiz, Spain): biodeterioration vs. bioprotection, Sci. Total Environ., 167, 353, 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04595-R Armstrong, 2007, Competition in lichen communities, Symbiosis, 43, 1 Armstrong, 2010, Growth of crustose lichens: a review, Geogr. Ann. Phys. Geogr., 92, 3, 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2010.00374.x Bartoli, 2014, Biological colonization patterns on the ruins of Angkor temples (Cambodia) in the biodeterioration vs bioprotection debate, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 96, 157, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.09.015 Bartoli, 2021, Biological recolonization dynamics: kentridge's artwork disappearing along the Tiber embankments (Rome, Italy), Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 160, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105214 Bjelland, 2005, Fungal diversity in rock beneath a crustose lichen as revealed by molecular markers, Microb. Ecol., 49, 598, 10.1007/s00248-004-0101-z Bjelland, 2011, Microbial metacommunities in the lichen–rock habitat, Environ. Microbiol. Rep., 3, 434, 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00206.x Borghi, 2014, Fragments of the Western Alpine chain as historic ornamental stones in Turin (Italy): enhancement of urban geological heritage through geotourism, Geoheritage, 6, 41, 10.1007/s12371-013-0091-7 Bungartz, 2004, Anatomy of the endolithic Sonoran Desert lichen Verrucaria rubrocincta Breuss: implications for biodeterioration and biomineralization, Lichenol., 36, 55, 10.1017/S0024282904013854 Caneva, 2005, Ecological analysis and biodeterioration processes over time at the Hieroglyphic Stairway in the Copán (Honduras) archaeological site, Plant Biosyst., 139, 295, 10.1080/11263500500343353 2008 Caneva, 2014, Unusual differential erosion related to the presence of endolithic microorganisms (Martvili, Georgia), J. Cult. Herit., 15, 538, 10.1016/j.culher.2013.10.003 Caneva, 2020, Biodeterioration patterns and their interpretation for potential applications to stone conservation: a hypothesis from allelopathic inhibitory effects of lichens on the Caestia Pyramid (Rome), Sustainability, 12, 1132, 10.3390/su12031132 Carter, 2005, Bioprotection explored: the story of a little-known earth surface process, Geomorphology, 67, 273, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.10.004 Casanova Municchia, 2014, Identification of endolithic traces on stone monuments and natural outcrops: preliminary evidences, J. Raman Spectrosc., 45, 1180, 10.1002/jrs.4517 Chen, 2000, Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization—a review, Catena, 39, 121, 10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00085-5 Concha-Lozano, 2012, Protective effect of endolithic fungal hyphae on oolitic limestone buildings, J. Cult. Herit., 13, 120, 10.1016/j.culher.2011.07.006 Cuberos-Cáceres, 2022, Study and development of a new methods to inhibit the growth of biofilm in the ornamental fountains of the Alhambra and the Generalife, 36 Danin, 1990, Deterioration of limestone walls in Jerusalem and marble monuments in Rome caused by cyanobacteria and cyanophilous lichens, Int. Biodeterior., 26, 397, 10.1016/0265-3036(90)90004-Q Delgado Rodrigues, 2011, Recolonization of marble sculptures in a garden environment, vol. 2, 71 de los Ríos, 2021, The interface of rocks and microorganisms, 3 Dyer, 2017, Deterioration of stone and concrete exposed to bird excreta examination of the role of glyoxylic acid, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 125, 125, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.09.002 Edwards, 2003, FT-Raman spectroscopy of lichens on dolomitic rocks: an assessment of metal oxalate formation, Analyst, 128, 1218, 10.1039/b306991p 2021 Favero-Longo, 2005, Pedogenetic action of the lichens Lecidea atrobrunnea, Rhizocarpon geographicum gr. and Sporastatia testudinea on serpentinized ultramafic rocks in an alpine environment, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 56, 17, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.11.006 Favero-Longo, 2009, In vitro receptivity of carbonate rocks to endolithic lichen-forming aposymbionts, Mycol. Res., 113, 1216, 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.08.006 Favero-Longo, 2011, Physical and chemical deterioration of silicate and carbonate rocks by meristematic microcolonial fungi and endolithic lichens (Chaetothyriomycetidae), Geomicrobiol. J., 28, 732, 10.1080/01490451.2010.517696 Favero-Longo, 2020, A review of the nature, role and control of lithobionts on stone cultural heritage: weighing-up and managing biodeterioration and bioprotection, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 36, 7, 10.1007/s11274-020-02878-3 Fry, 1922, Some types of endolithic limestone lichens, Ann. Bot., 36, 541, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a089823 Gadd, 2017, Geomicrobiology of the built environment, Nat. Microbiol., 2, 1, 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.275 Gadd, 2017, Bioprotection of the built environment and cultural heritage, Microb. Biotechnol., 10, 1152, 10.1111/1751-7915.12750 Garvie, 2008, Life in extreme environments: survival strategy of the endolithic desert lichen Verrucaria rubrocincta, Naturwissenschaften, 95, 705, 10.1007/s00114-008-0373-0 Gazzano, 2009, Image analysis for measuring lichen colonization on and within stonework, Lichenol., 41, 299, 10.1017/S0024282909008366 Gazzano, 2013, Biocidal effect of lichen secondary metabolites against rock-dwelling microcolonial fungi, cyanobacteria and green algae, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 84, 300, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.05.033 Ghelli, 2004, Marmi di Rocca Bianca. Tra particolarità litologiche e sapiente sfruttamento antropico, vol. 1, 75 Golubic, 1981, The lithobiontic ecological niche, with special reference to microorganisms, J. Sediment. Res., 51, 475 Guglielmin, 2011, Role of lichens in granite weathering in cold and arid environments of continental Antarctica, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 354, 195, 10.1144/SP354.12 Guillitte, 1995, Bioreceptivity: a new concept for building ecology studies, Sci. Total Environ., 167, 215, 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04582-L Hoppert, 2004, Colonization strategies of lithobiontic microorganisms on carbonate rocks, Environ. Geol., 46, 421, 10.1007/s00254-004-1043-y Hoppert, 2006, The succession of biofilms on building stone and its possible impact on biogenic weathering, Heritage, Weather. Conserv., 2, 311 2019 Jung, 2021, Lichens as pioneers on rock surfaces, 141 Kottek, 2006, World map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated, Meteorol. Z., 15, 259, 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130 Kushnir, 1978, “Oil hyphae” of endolithic lichens and their fatty acid composition, Protoplasma, 97, 47, 10.1007/BF01276389 Lombardozzi, 2012, An interactive database for an ecological analysis of stone biopitting, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 73, 8, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.04.016 Machel, 2000, Application of cathodoluminescence to carbonate diagenesis, 271 Marini, 2006, Natural stones used in a royal House of piedmont (Italy), vol. 2, 895 Matteucci, 2019, Lichens and other lithobionts on the carbonate rock surfaces of the heritage site of the tomb of Lazarus (Palestinian territories): diversity, biodeterioration, and control issues in a semi-arid environment, Ann. Microbiol., 69, 1033, 10.1007/s13213-019-01465-8 McIlroy de la Rosa, 2013, Lichen-induced biomodification of calcareous surfaces: bioprotection versus biodeterioration, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 37, 325, 10.1177/0309133312467660 McIlroy de la Rosa, 2014, The effects of lichen cover upon the rate of solutional weathering of limestone, Geomorphology, 220, 81, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.030 Miralles, 2015, Lichens around the world: a comprehensive study of lichen survival biostrategies detected by Raman spectroscopy, Anal. Methods, 7, 6856, 10.1039/C5AY00655D Modenesi, 1988, vol. 8, 47 Morando, 2017, The influence of structural organization of epilithic and endolithic lichens on limestone weathering, Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 42, 1666, 10.1002/esp.4118 Natsi, 2022, Calcium carbonate mineralization of microalgae, Biomimetics, 7, 140, 10.3390/biomimetics7040140 Nimis, 2022 Nimis, 2020, Towards a digital key to the lichens of Italy, Symbiosis, 82, 149, 10.1007/s13199-020-00714-8 Nimis, 1992 Orange, 2001 Osborn, 2015, Lichenometric dating: science or pseudo-science?, Quat. Res., 83, 1, 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.09.006 Pastero, 2003, The competition between {1014} cleavage and {0112} steep rhombohedra in gel grown calcite crystals, J. Cryst. Growth, 247, 472, 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01911-5 Pentecost, 1980, Aspects of competition in saxicolous lichen communities, Lichenol., 12, 135, 10.1017/S0024282980000060 Piervittori, 2004, Lichens and monuments, 241 Pinheiro, 2019, Limestone biodeterioration: a review on the Portuguese cultural heritage scenario, J. Cult. Herit., 36, 275, 10.1016/j.culher.2018.07.008 Pinna, 1998, An anatomical investigation of calcicolous endolithic lichens from the Trieste karst (NE Italy), Plant Biosyst., 132, 183, 10.1080/11263504.1998.10654203 Pinna, 2000, Endolithic lichens and conservation: an underestimated question, vol. 1, 513 Pinna, 2021, Microbial growth and its effects on inorganic heritage materials, 3 Pinna, 2023, Damaging and protective interactions of lichens and biofilms on ceramic dolia and sculptures of the International Museum of Ceramics, Faenza, Italy, Sci. Total Environ., 877, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162607 Sajjad, 2022, Endolithic microbes of rocks, their community, function and survival strategies, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 169, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2022.105387 Salvadori, 2016, The role of fungi and lichens in the biodeterioration of stone monuments, Open Conf. Proc. J., 7, 39, 10.2174/2210289201607020039 Sanmartín, 2021, Revisiting and reanalysing the concept of bioreceptivity 25 years on, Sci. Total Environ., 770, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145314 Seaward, 2015, Lichens as agents of biodeterioration, Recent Adv. Lichenol.: Mod. Method. Approach. Biomonitor. Bioprospect., 1, 189, 10.1007/978-81-322-2181-4_9 Slavík, 2017, Biologically-initiated rock crust on sandstone: mechanical and hydraulic properties and resistance to erosion, Geomorphology, 278, 298, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.040 Ter Braak, 2002, 500 Tonon, 2022, Lichen impact on sandstone hardness is species‐specific, Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 47, 1147, 10.1002/esp.5307 Tyson, 2012 Vergès-Belmin, 2008, Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns, Icomos Weber, 2011, Respiration induced weathering patterns of two endolithically growing lichens, Geobiology, 9, 34, 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2010.00256.x Whitlatch, 1974, Methods for staining organic matter in marine sediments, J. Sediment. Res., 44, 1310