Center and periphery: The expansion and metamorphosis of Han culture

Frontiers of History in China - Tập 3 Số 2 - Trang 293-322 - 2008
Wei Huo

Tóm tắt

The cave reliefs of Mahao in Leshan City, Sichuan Province, have been world-famous for containing an early Buddhist statue. Yet, little attention has been paid to the co-existent stone reliefs sharing the tomb cave and the cultural significance thereof. Through the Qin and Han dynasties (221 BC–220 AD), the ancient Ba and Shu civilizations in what is Sichuan today gradually merged into the Chinese civilization, of which the Han civilization is the main body, on the one hand, the Han civilization exerted a strong influence on its south-western counterparts, as is revealed by the stone reliefs in the tomb cave; on the other hand, the south-western region was apparently assimilated into the Chinese civilization while concurrently absorbing elements of even farther civilizations (e.g., those in Central and South Asia). The early image of Buddha appeared against a wide cultural background.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Edwards R. “The cave reliefs at Mahao.” Artibus Asiae, Vol. 17, 1954.

Gao Wen 高文. Sichuan Handai huaxiang shi 四川汉代画像石 (The stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty in Sichuan). Chengdu: Bashu shushe, 1987.

—. “Yehe tu kao” 野合图考 (The study of the picture of intercourse in the field). Sichuan wenwu 四川文物 (Sichuan Cultural Relics), No. 1, 1995.

Huo Wei 霍巍. “Sanduanshi shenshoujing jiqi xiangguan wenti de yanjiu” 三段式神兽镜及其相关问题的研究 (The study of the divine monster mirror and its related questions). Riben yanjiu 日本研究 (Study on Japan), No. 3, 1999.

—. “Sichuan Hejiashan yamu chutu de shenshoujing ji xiangguan wenti yanjiu” 四川何家山崖墓出土的神兽镜及相关问题研究 (The study on the divine monster mirror unearthed in cliff tomb in Hejia Mountain, Sichuan, and its related issues). Kaogu 考古 (Archaeology), No. 5, 2000.

—. “Cultural exchange and quest for immortality: The heavenly horse of the West and the divine dragon,” Ex/Change, Issue 6, Feb., 2003.

Leshanshi wenhuaju 乐山市文化局. Sichuan Leshan Mahao yihao yamu 四川乐山麻浩一号崖墓 (Mahao No. 1 cliff tomb, Leshan, Sichuan). Kaogu 考古 (Archaeology), No. 2, 1990.

Li Fang 李昉ed. Taiping guangji 太平广记 (Records of the Taiping Era). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1986.

Li Fuhua 李复华, Cao Dan 曹丹. “Leshan Handai yamu shike” 乐山汉代崖墓石刻 (The stone reliefs of Han cliff tomb in Leshan). Wenwu cankao ziliao 文物参考资料 (Cultural Relics), No. 5, 1956.

Li Xiaoou 李小鸥. “Sishuan Yingjing faxian dong Han shiguan huaxiang” 四川荥经发现东汉石棺画像 (The discovery of stone coffin reliefs of Eastern Han in Sichuan). Kaogu yu wenwu 考古与文物 (Archaeology and Cultural Relics), No. 2, 1988.

Li Fuhua 李复华, Tao Mingkuan 陶鸣宽. “Dong Han yanmu nei de yizun shike foxiang” 东汉岩墓内的一尊石刻佛像 (A Buddhist statue in a stone tomb of Eastern Han). Wenwu cankao ziliao 文物参考资料 (Cultural Relics), No. 6, 1957.

Luo Erhu 罗二虎. Handai huaxiang shiguan 汉代画像石棺 (The reliefs of Han stone coffins). Chengdu: Bashu shushe, 2002.

Luoyang qu kaogu fajue dui 洛阳区考古发掘队. Luoyang Shaogou Han mu 洛阳烧沟汉墓 (The tomb of Han Dynasty in Shaogou, Luoyang). Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 1959.

Sima Qian 司马迁. Shiji 史记 (Records of the Grand Historian). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1977.

Tang Changshou 唐长寿. Leshan yamu he Pengshan yamu 乐山崖墓和彭山崖墓 (The cliff tomb of Leshan and the cliff tomb of Pengshan). Chengdu: Dianzi keji daxue chubanshe, 1993.

Wang Minke 王明珂. Huaxia bianyuan: lishi jiyi yu zuqun rentong 华夏边缘: 历史记忆与族群认同 (The periphery of China: Historical memories and racial identity). Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe, 2006.

Wen You 闻宥. Sichuan Handai huaxiang xuanji 四川汉代画像选集 (The collection of Han reliefs in Sichuan). Taibei: Lianjing chubanshe, 1955.

Wu Hong 巫鸿. Liyi zhong de meishu: Wu Hong Zhongguo gudai meishushi wenbian 礼仪中的美术: 巫鸿中国古代美术史文编 (The art of rites: Wu Hong’s works on ancient Chinese history of arts). Shanghai: Sanlian shudian, 2005.

—. Wuliangci: Zhongguo gudai huaxiang yishu de sixiangxing 武梁祠: 中国古代画像艺术的思想性 (The Wu Liang Shrine: The ideology of early Chinese pictorial art). Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 2006.

Yang Hong 杨泓. “Guo nei zuizao de jizun fojiao zaoxiang shiwu” 国内最早的几尊佛教造像实物 (The earliest Buddhist statues in China). Xiandai foxue 现代佛学 (Modern Buddhist), No. 4, 1962.

—. “Shilun Nanbeichao shiqi qianqi foxiang fushi he zhuyao bianhua ” 试论南北朝时期前期佛像服饰和主要变化 (The clothing of Buddhist statues and its major changes in the early period of South and North Dynasties). Kaogu 考古 (Archaeology), No. 6, 1963.

Yu Weichao 俞伟超. “Dong Han fojiao tuxiang kai ”东汉佛教图像考 (The studies of the Buddhist statues in Eastern Han). Wenwu 文物 (Cultural Relics), No. 5, 1980.

Yue Fengxia 岳凤霞, Liu Xingzhen 刘兴珍. “Zhejiang Haining Chang’an zhen huaxiang shi” 浙江海宁长安镇画像石 (The relief stone in Chang’an, Haining, Zhejiang Province). Wenwu 文物 (Cultural Relics), No. 3, 1984.

Zhang Xunliao 张勋燎. “Chongqing Wushan dongHanmu chutu Xiwangmu tianmen huaxiang guanshi tongpai yu daojiao fushuo zaoqi tianshidao de zhushen tiandi” 重庆巫山东汉墓出土西王母天门画像棺饰铜牌与道教附说早期天师道的主神天帝 (The relief of the Queen Mother of the West’s door of Heaven, coffin decoration of copper board, and the Lord of Heaven of the early Sect of Celestial Master of Eastern Han tomb in Wushan, Chongqing). In: Yasuda Yoshinori 安田喜宪 ed. Shenhua jisi yu Changjiang wenming 神话、祭祀与长江文明 (Mythology, sacrifice offering, and the civilization of Yangtze River). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 2002.

Zhao Dianzeng 赵殿增, Yuan Shuguang 袁曙光. “Tian men” kao jianlun Sichuan Handai huaxiang zhuan de zuhe yu zhuti “天门”考兼论四川汉代画像砖的组合与主题 (The studies of the door of Heaven and the combination and themes of Han brick reliefs in Sichuan). Sichuan wenwu 四川文物 (Sichuan Cultural Relics), Vol. 6, 1990.

Zheng Dekun 郑德坤. Sichuan gudai wenhuashi 四川古代文化史 (The cultural history of ancient Sichuan). Chengdu: Bashu shushe, 2004.

Zhongguo shekeyuan kaogu yanjiusuo Sanxia gongzuodui 中国社科院考古研究所三峡工作队. “Chongqing Wushan xian dongHan liujin tong paishi de faxian yu yanjiu” 重庆巫山县东汉鎏金铜牌饰的发现与研究 (The discovery and investigation of golden copper decoration of Eastern Han Dynasty in Wushan, Chongqing). Kaogu 考古 (Archaeology), No. 12, 1998.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Frontiers of History in China

Tập 3 Số 2

293-322

Thông tin tác giả