Cellular aspects of pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Role of cardiomyocyte polyploidy and activation of nuclear antigen of the proliferating cell in myocardium

Adler, C. and Friedburg, H., Myocardial DNA Content, Ploidy Level and Cell Number in Geriatric Hearts: Post-mortem Examinations of Human Myocardium in Old Age, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol., 1986, vol. 18, pp. 39–53.

Bonne, G., Carrier, L., Richard, P., Hainque, B., and Schwartz, K., Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: from Mutations to Functional Defects, Circ. Res., 1998, vol. 83, pp. 580–593.

Braunwald, E., Lambrew, C., and Rockoff, D., Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis. I. A Description of the Disease Based upon an Analysis of 64 patients. Circulation, 1964, vol. 30(Suppl. IV), pp. 3–19.

Brodsky, V.Ya. and Uryvaeva, I.V., Kletochnaya poliploidiya. Proliferatsiya i differentsirovka (Cell Polyploidy. Proliferation and Differentiation), Moscow: Nauka, 1981.

Brodsky, V.Y., Sarkisov, D.S, Arefyeva, A.M, Panova, N.W, and Gvasava, I.G., Polyploidy in Cardiac Myocytes of Normal and Hypertrophic Human Hearts; Range of Values, Virchows Arch., 1994, vol. 424, pp. 429–435.

Brodsky, V.Ya., Polyploidy in Myocardium is Compensatory Heart Reserve, Byull. Exper. Biol. Med., 1995, vol. 235, pp. 454–459.

Bruce, C., Nishimura, R., Tajik, A., Schaff, H., and Danielson, G., Fixed Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Presumed Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Implications for Therapy, Ann. Thorac. Surg., 1999, vol. 68, pp. 100–104.

Busk, P.K. and Hinrichsen, R., Cyclin D in Left Ventricle Hypertrophy, Cell Cycle, 2003, vol. 2, pp. 91–95.

Conte, M., Bongioanni, S., and Dall’Orto, G., Fixed Subaortic Stenosis Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Report of a Rare Familial Occurrence, G. Ital. Cardiol., 1998, vol. 28, pp. 53–56.

Davies, M. and McKenna, W., Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Pathology and Pathogenesis, Histopathology, 1995, vol. 26, pp. 493–500.

Devereux, R., Alonso, D., Lutas, E., Gottlieb, G., Campo, E., Sachs, I., and Reichek, N., Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Comparison to Necropsy Findings, Am. J. Cardiol., 1986, vol. 57, pp. 450–458.

Diaz, F., Gilar, M., Sauri, A., Bosh, A., and Luna, A., Usefulness of DNA Quantification in Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies. A Preliminary Study, Forensis. Sci. Int., 2006, vol. 157, pp. 40–45.

Emeriau, J., Le Menn, R., Besse, P., and Bricaud, H., Ultrastructural Study of 11 Cases of Obstructive Myocardiography of the Left Ventricle, Arch. Mal Coeur Vaiss., 1976, vol. 69, pp. 475–483.

Erokhina, I.L., Selivanova, G.V., Vlasova, T.D., and Emeliyanova, O.I., DNA and Protein Content in Atrial Cardiomyocytes. Size and Ultrastructure of Cardiomyocytes in Children in Some Congenital Cardiac Valve Diseases, Tsitologiya, 1995, vol. 37, pp. 101–108.

Erokhina, I.L., Selivanova, G.V., Vlasova, T.D., and Emeliyanova, O.I., Correlation between Ployploidy Level and Hypertrophy and the Degree of Lesion of Human Atrial Cardiomyocytes in Some Congenital and Acquired Heart Pathologies, Tsitologiya, 1997, vol. 39, pp. 889–897.

Factor, S., Butany, J., and Sole, M., Pathologic Fibrosis and Matrix Connective Tissue in the Subaortic Myocardium of Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1991, vol. 17, pp. 1343–1351.

Feizi, O., Farrer Brown, G., and Emanuel, R., Familial Study of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Congenital Aortic Valve Disease, Am. J. Cardiol., 1978, vol. 41, pp. 956–964.

Field, L., Modulation of the Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle in Genetically Altered Animals, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 2004, vol. 1015, pp. 160–170.

Fujiwara, H., Tanaka, M., Onodera, T., and Kawai, C., Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Mode of Death and Pathological Findings, Cardiol., 1987, vol. 16, pp. 3–8.

Garg, V., Kathiriya, I., Barne, R., Schluterman, M., King, I., Butler, C., Rothrock, C., Eapen, R., Hirayama-Yamada, K., Joo, K., Matsuoka, R., Cohen, J., and Srivastava, D., GATA4 Mutation Cause Human Congenital Heart Defects and Reveal an Interaction with TBX5, Nature, 2003, vol. 424, pp. 443–447.

Harrison, E., Sbar, S., Martin, H, and Pupello, D., Coexisting Right and Left Hypertrophic Subvalvular Stenosis and Fixed Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction due to Aortic Valve Stenosis, Am. J. Cardiol., 1977, vol. 40, pp. 133–136.

Kanoh, M., Takemura, G., Misao, J., Hayakawa, Y., Aoyama, T., Nishigaki, K., Noda, T., Fujiwara, T., Fukuda, T., Minatoguchi, S., and Fujiwara, H., Significance of Myocytes with Positive DNA in situ Nick End-labeling (TUNEL) in Hearts with Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Circulation, 1999, vol. 99, pp. 2757–2764.

Koda, M., Takemura, G., and Kanoh, M., Myocytes Positive for in situ Markers for DNA Breaks in Human Hearts Which are Hypertrophic, but Neither Failed Nor Dilated: A Manifestation of Cardiac Hypertrophy Rather than Failure, J. Pathol., 2003, vol. 199, pp. 229–236.

Marian, A., Yu, Q., Mann, D., Graham, F., and Roberts, R., Expression of a Mutation Causing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Disrupts Sarcomere Assembly in Adult Feline Cardiac Myocytes, Circ. Res., 1995, vol. 77, pp. 98–106.

Maron, B., Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Childhood, Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 2004, vol. 51, pp. 1305–1346.

Maron, B. and Roberts, W., Cardiomyopathies in the First Two Decades of Life, Cardiovasc Clin., 1981, vol. 11, pp. 35–78.

Maron, B., Spirito, P., Wesley, Y., and Arce, J., Development and Progression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, N. Engl. J. Med., 1986, vol. 315, pp. 610–614.

Maron, B., Casey, S., Hurrell, D., and Aeppli, D., Relation of Left Ventricular Thickness to Age and Gender in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Am. J. Cardiol., 2003, vol. 91, pp. 1195–1198.

Martínez-Díaz, F., Bernal-Gilar, M., Gémez-Zapata, M., and Luna, A., Expression and Significance of Cell Immunohistochemical Markers (HHF-35, CD-31, Bcl-2, P-53, and apopDETECT) in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Histol. Histopathol., 2004, vol. 19, pp. 9–14.

Matturri, L., Biondo, B., Colombo, B., Lavezzi, A., and Rossi, L., Significance of the DNA Synthesis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies, Basic Res. Cardiol., 1997, vol. 92, pp. 85–89.

Matturri, L., Milei, J., Grana, D., and Lavezzi, A., Characterization of Myocardial Hypertrophy by DNA Content, PCNA Expression and Apoptotic Index, Int. J. Cardiol., 2002, vol. 82, pp. 33–39.

Nigro, V., Okazaki, Y., and Belsito, A., Identification of the Syrian Hamster Cardiomyopathy Gene, Hum. Mol. Genet., 1997, vol. 6, pp. 601–607.

Poliac, L., Barron, M., and Maron, B., Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Anesthesiol., 2006, vol. 104, pp. 183–192.

Rumyantsev, P.P., Kardiomiotsity v protsessakh reproduktsii, differentsirovki i regeneratsii (Cardiomyocytes in Processes of Reproduction, Differentiation, and Regeneration), Leningrad: Nauka, 1980.

Sandritter, W. and Alder, P., Polyploidization of Heart Muscle Nuclei as Prerequesite for Heart Growth and Numerical Hyperplasia in Heart Hypertrophy, Recent Adv. Stud. Cardiac Struct. Metab., 1978, vol. 12, pp. 115–127.

Sandritter, W. and Scomazzoni, G., Deoxyribonucleic Acid Content (Feulgen Photometry) and Dry Weight (Interference Microscopy) of Normal and Hypertrophic Heart Muscle Fibers, Nature, 1964, vol. 202, pp. 100–101.

Sarkisov, D.S., Regeneratsiya i ee klinicheskoe znachenie (Regeneration and Its Clinical Significance), Moscow: Meditsina, 1970.

Selivanova, G.V. and Vlasova, T.D., Cytophotometrical Comparison of Age-related Changes of the DNA and Protein Content in Human Atrial Cardiomyocytes in Some Heart Diseases, Tsitologiya, 1990, vol. 32, pp. 704–711.

Shiller, N. and Osipov, M.A., Klinicheskaya ekhokardiografiya (Clinical Echocardiography), Moscow, Vneshtorgizdat, 1993.

Soonpaa, M. and Field, L., Survey of Studies Examining Mammalian Cardiomyocyte DNA Synthesis, Circ Res., 1998, vol. 83, pp. 15–26.

Sutton, M.G., Tajik, A.J., Smith, H.C., and Ritman, E.L., Angina in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis. A Clinical Correlate of Regional Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Videometric and Echocardiographic Study, Circulation, 1980, vol. 61, pp. 561–568.

Tezuka, F., Muscle Fiber Orientation in Normal and Hypertrophied Hearts, Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1975, vol. 117, pp. 289–297.

Urbanek, K., Quaini, F., and Tasca, G., Intense Myocyte Formation from Cardiac Stem Cells in Human Cardiac Hypertrophy, PNAS, 2003, vol. 100, pp. 10 440–10 445.

Varnava, A., Elliott, P., Sharma, S., McKenna, W., and Davies M., Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: the Interrelation of Disarray, Fibrosis, and Small Vessel Disease, Heart, 2000, vol. 84, pp. 476–482.

Wigle, E., Cardiomyopaty: The Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Heart, 2001, vol. 86, pp. 709–714.

Yabe, Y., Abe, H., and Kashiwakura, Y., DNA Synthetic Activity of Right and Left Ventricular Biopsy Specimens in Patients with Cardiomyopathy, Adv. Myocardiol., 1983, vol. 4, pp. 163–170.