Những thay đổi đặc trưng theo chu kỳ tế bào trong tổ chức siêu vi cấu trúc của các nhiễm sắc thể ngưng tụ sớm

Chromosoma - Tập 88 - Trang 333-342 - 1983
Steven K. Hanks1,2,3, Susanne M. Gollin4, Potu N. Rao1,2, Wayne Wray2,4, Walter N. Hittelman1,2
1Department of Developmental Therapeutics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston, Houston, USA
2Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
3Division of Cellular Biology, Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, USA
4Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu về các nhiễm sắc thể ngưng tụ sớm (PCC) của tế bào HeLa được đồng bộ hóa ở các giai đoạn khác nhau của chu kỳ tế bào đã được phân tích bằng kỹ thuật hiển vi điện tử quét độ phân giải cao. Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là nhằm xem xét sự thay đổi trong cách sắp xếp của sợi cromatin cơ bản 30-nm trong nhiễm sắc thể giao kỳ liên quan đến sự tiến triển của chu kỳ tế bào. Các nghiên cứu này cho thấy rằng các nhiễm sắc thể giao kỳ khi đã ngưng tụ cao và PCC G1 sớm bao gồm các sợi vòng chồng chéo chặt chẽ. PCC G1 sớm đến giữa giai đoạn G1 có xu hướng kéo dài hơn và thể hiện các vòng xoắn gợi ý về một chromonema đã được tháo xoắn. Sự giảm chậm rãi của PCC trong quá trình phát triển qua giai đoạn G1 liên quan đến sự chuyển tiếp dần dần từ các sợi vòng chồng chéo đã được nén sang các sợi dọc kéo dài đơn lẻ. Quá trình này xảy ra trước khi bắt đầu tổng hợp DNA, mà dường như được giới hạn trong các sợi dọc đơn lẻ. Sau khi sao chép một đoạn nhiễm sắc thể, các sợi dọc kéo dài đã nhanh chóng được tái tổ chức thành các cụm sợi vòng chồng chéo đồng thời với sự hình thành của trục nhiễm sắc thể đa sợi. Điều này dẫn đến hình dạng đặc trưng “bị nghiền nát” của S-PCC khi được quan sát bằng kính hiển vi ánh sáng. Sau đó, các miền sợi vòng chồng chéo liền kề sẽ hợp nhất, dẫn đến tổ chức các sợi vòng chồng chéo được nén đồng nhất như đã quan sát trong G2-PCC. Việc xoắn cuộn của chromonema trong giai đoạn chuyển tiếp G2-giảm phân dẫn đến sự hình thành các nhiễm sắc thể giao kỳ rất chặt chẽ.

Từ khóa

#nhiễm sắc thể ngưng tụ sớm #chu kỳ tế bào #siêu vi cấu trúc #cromatin #sao chép DNA

Tài liệu tham khảo

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