Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT): A Gene Contributing to Sex Differences in Brain Function, and to Sexual Dimorphism in the Predisposition to Psychiatric Disorders
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abdolmaleky HM, Cheng KH, Faraone SV, Wilcox M, Glatt SJ, Gao F et al (2006). Hypomethylation of MB-COMT promoter is a major risk factor for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hum Mol Genet 15: 3132–3145.
Aleman A, Kahn RS, Selten JP (2003). Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia—evidence from meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60: 565–571.
Andersen SL, Teicher MH (2000). Sex differences in dopamine receptors and their relevance to ADHD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 24: 137–141.
Barnett JH, Heron J, Ring SM, Golding J, Goldman D, Xu K et al (2007a). Gender-specific effects of the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val(108)/(158)Met polymorphism on cognitive function in children. Am J Psychiatry 164: 142–149.
Barnett JH, Jones PB, Robbins TW, Mueller U (2007b). Effects of the catechol-O-ethyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism on executive function: a meta-analysis of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test in schizophrenia and healthy controls. Mol Psychiatry 12: 502–509.
Baron-Cohen S, Knickmeyer RC, Belmonte MK (2005). Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism. Science 310: 819–823.
Becker JB (1999). Gender differences in dopaminergic function in striatum and nucleus accumbens. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 64: 803–812.
Beuten J, Payne T, Ma J, Li M (2006). Significant association of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) haplotypes with nicotine dependence in male and female smokers of two ethnic populations. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 675–684.
Bilder RM, Volavka J, Lachman HM, Grace AA (2004). The catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism: relations to the tonic-phasic dopamine hypothesis and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 1943–1961.
Bjornerem A, Straume B, Midtby M, Fonnebo V, Sundsfjord J, Svartberg J et al (2004). Endogenous sex hormones in relation to age, sex, lifestyle factors, and chronic diseases in a general population: the Tromso Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 6039–6047.
Boudikova B, Szumlanski C, Maidak B, Weinshilboum R (1990). Human liver catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics. Clin Pharmacol Therap 48: 381–389.
Bray N, Buckland P, Williams N, Williams H, Norton N, Owen M et al (2003). A haplotype implicated in schizophrenia susceptibility associated with reduced COMT expression in human brain. Am J Hum Genet 73: 152–161.
Briggs MH, Briggs M (1973). Hormonal influences on erythrocyte catechol-O-methyl transferase activity in humans. Experientia 29: 278–280.
Carroll ME, Lynch WJ, Roth ME, Morgan AD, Cosgrove KP (2004). Sex and estrogen influence drug abuse. Trends Pharmacol Sci 25: 273–279.
Chen JS, Lipska BK, Halim N, Ma QD, Matsumoto M, Melhem S et al (2004). Functional analysis of genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): effects on mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in postmortem human brain. Am J Hum Genet 75: 807–821.
Cohn CK, Axelrod J (1971). The effect of estradiol on catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in rat liver. Life Sci 10: 1351–1354.
Collaer ML, Hines M (1995). Human behavioral sex differences: a role for gonadal hormones during early development? Psychol Bull 118: 55–107.
Cosgrove KP, Mazure CM, Staley JK (2007). Evolving knowledge of sex differences in brain structure, function, and chemistry. Biol Psychiatry (in press
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.03.001).
Craddock N, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC (2006). The catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene as a candidate for psychiatric phenotypes: evidence and lessons. Mol Psychiatry 11: 446–458.
Creveling CR (2003). The role of catechol-O-methyltransferase in the inactivation of catecholestrogen. Cell Mol Neurobiol 23: 289–291.
Crowley WR, O'Donohue TL, Jacobowitz DM (1978). Changes in catecholamine content in discrete brain nuclei during the estrous cycle of the rat. Brain Res 147: 315–326.
Cutter WJ, Daly EM, Robertson DMW, Chitnis XA, Van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Simmons A et al (2006). Influence of X chromosome and hormones on human brain development: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of Turner syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 59: 273–283.
Dauvilliers Y, Neidhart E, Lecendreux M, Billiard M, Tafti M (2001). MAO-A and COMT polymorphisms and gene effects in narcolepsy. Mol Psychiatry 6: 367–372.
Davies W, Wilkinson LS (2006). It is not all hormones: alternative explanations for sexual differentiation of the brain. Brain Res 1126: 36–45.
Dawling S, Roodi N, Mernaugh RL, Wang X, Parl FF (2001). Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)-mediated metabolism of catechol estrogens: comparison of wild-type and variant COMT isoforms. Cancer Res 61: 6716–6722.
De Bellis J, Keshavan MS, Beers SR, Hall J, Frustaci K, Masalehdan A et al (2001). Sex differences in brain maturation during childhood and adolescence. Cereb Cortex 11: 552–557.
De Courten-Myers GM (1999). The human cerebral cortex: gender differences in structure and function. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58: 217–226.
De Vries GJ (2004). Sex differences in adult and developing brain: compensation, compensation, compensation. Endocrinology 145: 1063–1068.
Dempster EL, Mill J, Craig IW, Collier DA (2006). The quantification of COMT mRNA in post mortem cerebellum tissue: diagnosis, genotype, methylation and expression. BMC Medical Genetics 7: 10.
Denys D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Westenberg H (2006). Association between the dopamine D2 receptor TaqI A2 allele and low activity COMT allele with obsessive-compulsive disorder in males. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 16: 446–450.
Domschke K, Deckert J, O'Donovan MC, Glatt SJ (2007). Meta-analysis of COMT val158met in panic disorder: ethnic heterogeneity and gender specificity. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 144B: 667–673.
Domschke K, Freitag CM, Kuhlenbaumer G, Schirmacher A, Sand P, Nyhuis P et al (2004). Association of the functional V158M catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism with panic disorder in women. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 7: 183–188.
Drabant EM, Hariri AR, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Munoz KE, Mattay VS, Kolachana BS et al (2006). Catechol-O-methyltransferase val(158)met genotype and neural mechanisms related to affective arousal and regulation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63: 1396–1406.
Egan MF, Goldberg TE, Kolachana BS, Callicott JH, Mazzanti CM, Straub RE et al (2001). Effect of COMT Val108 158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 6917–6922.
Eley TC, Tahir E, Angleitner A, Harriss K, McClay J, Plomin R et al (2003). Association analysis of MAOA and COMT with neuroticism assessed by peers. Am J Medical Genet 120B: 90–96.
Enoch MA, Greenberg BD, Murphy DL, Goldman D (2001). Sexually dimorphic relationship of a 5-HT2A promoter polymorphism with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 49: 385–388.
Enoch MA, Waheed JF, Harris CR, Albaugh B, Goldman D (2006). Sex differences in the influence of COMT Val158Met on alcoholism and smoking in plains American Indians. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 30: 399–406.
Enoch MA, Xu K, Ferro E, Harris CR, Goldman D (2003). Genetic origins of anxiety in women: a role for a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism. Psychiatr Genet 13: 33–41.
Fahndrich E, Coper H, Christ W, Helmchen H, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Pietzcker A (1980). Erythrocyte COMT-activity in patients with affective disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scand 61: 427–437.
Fan JB, Zhang CS, Gu NF, Li XW, Sun WW, Huang HY et al (2005). Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene Val/Met functional polymorphism and risk of schizophrenia: a large scale association study plus meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 57: 139–144.
Favis CF, Davis BF, Halaris AE (1977). Variations in the uptake of [3H]∼dopamine during the estrous cycle. Life Sci 20: 1319–1332.
Fernandez-Ruiz JJ, Hernandez ML, De Miguel R, Ramos JA (1991). Nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic activities were modified throughout the ovarian cycle of female rats. J Neural Transm Gen Sect 85: 223–229.
Fitzgerald GA, Hamilton CA, Jones DH, Reid JL (1980). Erythrocytes catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and indices of sympathetic activity in man. Clin Sci 58: 423–425.
Floderus Y, Wetterberg L (1981). The inheritance of human erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity. Clin Genet 19: 392–393.
Fullerton J, Cubin M, Tiwari H, Wang C, Bomhra A, Davidson S et al (2003). Linkage analysis of extremely discordant and concordant sibling pairs identifies quantitative-trait loci that influence variation in the human personality trait neuroticism. Am J Hum Genet 72: 879–890.
Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT (2003). Association between a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism and schizophrenia: meta-analysis of case–control and family-based studies. Am J Psychiat 160: 469–476.
Gogos JA, Morgan M, Luine V, Santha M, Ogawa S, Pfaff D et al (1998). Catechol-O-methyltransferase-deficient mice exhibit sexually dimorphic changes in catecholamine levels and behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 9991–9996.
Goldman-Rakic PS, Muly III EC, Williams GV (2000). D1 receptors in prefrontal cells and circuits. Brain Res Rev 31: 295–301.
Goldstein JM, Seidman LJ, Horton NJ, Makris N, Kennedy DN, Caviness Jr VS et al (2001). Normal sexual dimorphism of the adult human brain assessed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Cereb Cortex 11: 490–497.
Goodman JE, Jensen LT, He P, Yager JD (2002). Characterization of human soluble high and low activity catechol-O-methyltransferase catalyzed catechol estrogen methylation. Pharmacogenetics 12: 517–528.
Gothelf D, Eliez S, Thompson T, Hinard C, Penniman L, Feinstein C et al (2005). COMT genotype predicts longitudinal cognitive decline and psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Nat Neurosci 8: 1500–1502.
Gur RC, Mozley LH, Mozley PD, Resnick SM, Karp JS, Alavi A et al (1995). Sex differences in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during a resting state. Science 267: 528–531.
Hines LM, Hoffman PL, Bhave S, Saba L, Kaiser A, Snell L et al (2006). A sex-specific role of type VII adenylyl cyclase in depression. J Neurosci 26: 12609–12619.
Holmans P, Zubenko G, Crowe R, DePaulo Jr JR, Scheftner W, Weissman M et al (2004). Genomewide significant linkage to recurrent, early-onset major depressive disorder on chromosome 15q. Am J Hum Genet 74: 1154–1167.
Huotari M, Garcia-Horsman JA, Karayiorgou M, Gogos JA, Mannisto PT (2004). d-amphetamine responses in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) disrupted mice. Psychopharmacology 172: 1–10.
Huotari M, Gogos JA, Karayiorgou M, Koponen I, Forsberg M, Raasmaja A et al (2002a). Brain catecholamine metabolism in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)-deficient mice. Eur J Neurosci 15: 246–256.
Huotari M, Santha M, Lucas LR, Karayiorgou M, Gogos JA, Mannisto PT (2002b). Effect of dopamine uptake inhibition on brain catecholamine levels and locomotion in catechol-O-methyltransferase-disrupted mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 303: 1309–1316.
Jiang H, Xie T, Ramsden DB, Ho SL (2003). Human catechol-O-methyltransferase down-regulation by estradiol. Neuropharmacology 45: 1011–1018.
Jori A, Cecchetti G (1973). Homovanillic acid levels in rat striatum during the oestrus cycle. J Endocrinol 58: 341–342.
Kaasinen V, Nogren K, Hietala J, Farde L, Rinne JO (2001). Sex differences in extrastriatal dopamine D2-like receptors in the human brain. Am J Psychiatry 158: 308–311.
Kaminsky Z, Wang SC, Petronis A (2006). Complex disease, gender and epigenetics. Ann Med 38: 530–544.
Karayiorgou M, Altemus M, Galke BL, Goldman D, Murphy D, Ott J et al (1997). Genotype determining low catechol-O-methyltransferase activity as a risk factor for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 4572–4575.
Karayiorgou M, Sobin C, Blundell ML, Galke BL, Malinova L, Goldberg P et al (1999). Family-based association studies support a sexually dimorphic effect of COMT and MAOA on genetic susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 45: 1178–1189.
Karoum F, Chrapusta SJ, Egan MF (1994). 3-Methoxytyramine is the major metabolite of released dopamine in the rat frontal cortex: reassessment of the effects of antipsychotics on the dynamics of dopamine release and metabolism in the frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and striatum by a simple two pool model. J Neurochem 63: 972–979.
Kates WR, Antshel KM, AbdulSabur N, Colgan D, Funke B, Fremont W et al (2006). A gender-moderated effect of a functional COMT polymorphism on prefrontal brain morphology and function in velo-cardio-facial syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome). Am J Med Genet 141B: 274–280.
Kelly SJ, Ostrowski NL, Wilson MA (1999). Gender differences in brain and behavior: hormonal and neural bases. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 64: 655–664.
Kempisty A, Mostowska A, G¢rska I, Luczak M, Czerski P, Szczepankiewicz A et al (2006). Association of 677C>T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 400: 267–271.
Kendler KS, Gatz M, Gardner CO, Pedersen NL (2006). A Swedish national twin study of lifetime major depression. Am J Psychiatry 163: 109–114.
Kim SJ, Kim YS, Kim SY, Lee HS, Kim CH (2006). An association study of catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A polymorphisms and personality traits in Koreans. Neurosci Lett 401: 154–158.
Laakso A, Vilkman H, Bergman J, Haaparanta M, Solin O, Syvalahti E et al (2002). Sex differences in striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy subjects. Biol Psychiatry 52: 759–763.
Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Saito T, Yu YM, Szymlanksi C, Weinshilboum RM (1996). Human catechol-O-methyl-transferase polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenetics 6: 243–250.
Lang UE, Bajbouj M, Sander T, Gallinat J (2007). Gender-dependent association of the functional catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype with sensation seeking personality trait. Neuropsychopharmacology (in press; doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301335).
Lensi P, Cassano GB, Correddu G, Ravagli S, Kunovac JL, Akiskal HS (1996). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Familial-developmental history, symptomatology, comorbidity and course with special reference to gender-related differences. Br J Psychiatry 169: 101–107.
Lin PI, Vance JM, Pericak-Vance MA, Martin ER (2007). No gene is an island: the flip-flop phenomenon. Am J Hum Genet 80: 531–538.
Mannisto PT, Kaakkola S (1999). Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): biochemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy of the new selective COMT inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 51: 593–628.
Mattay VS, Goldberg TE, Fera F, Hariri AR, Tessitore A, Egan MF et al (2003). Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158-met genotype and individual variation in the brain response to amphetamine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 6186–6191.
Meyer-Lindenberg A, Nichols T, Callicott JH, Ding J, Kolachana B, Buckholtz J et al (2006). Impact of complex genetic variation in COMT on human brain function. Mol Psychiatry 11: 877–882.
Molero P, Ortuno F, Zalacain M, Patino-Garcia A (2007). Clinical involvement of catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphisms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: influence on the severity of psychotic symptoms and on the response to neuroleptic treatment. Pharmacogenomics J (in press doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500441).
Morissette M, Di Paolo T (1993). Sex and estrous cycle variations of rat striatal dopamine uptake sites. Neuroendocrinology 58: 16–22.
Mozley LH, Gur RC, Mozley PD, Gur RE (2001). Striatal dopamine transporters and cognitive functioning in healthy men and women. Am J Psychiatry 158: 1492–1499.
Munro CA, McCaul ME, Wong DF, Oswald LM, Zhou Y, Brasic J et al (2006). Sex differences in striatal dopamine release in healthy adults. Biol Psychiatry 59: 966–974.
Murphy DGM, DeCarli C, McIntosh AR, Daly E, Mentis MJ, Pietrini P et al (1996). Sex differences in human brain morphometry and metabolism: an in vivo quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography study on the effect of aging. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53: 585–594.
Nackley A, Shabalina S, Tchivileva I, Satterfield K, Korchynskyi O, Makov S et al (2006). Human catechol-O-methyl-transferase haplotypes modulate protein expression by altering mRNA secondary structure. Science 314: 1930–1933.
Nash MW, Huezo-Diaz P, Williamson RJ, Sterne A, Purcell S, Hoda F et al (2004). Genome-wide linkage analysis of a composite index of neuroticism and mood-related scales in extreme selected sibships. Hum Mol Genet 13: 2173–2182.
Nestadt G, Lan T, Samuels J, Riddle M, Bienvenu III OJ, Liang KY et al (2000). Complex segregation analysis provides compelling evidence for a major gene underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder and for heterogeneity by sex. Am J Hum Genet 67: 1611–1616.
Nolan KA, Volavka J, Czobor P, Cseh A, Lachman HM, Saito T et al (2000). Suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia is related to COMT polymorphism. Psychiatr Genet 10: 117–124.
O'Hara R, Miller E, Liao CP, Way N, Lin XY, Hallmayer J (2006). COMT genotype, gender and cognition in community-dwelling, older adults. Neurosci Lett 409: 205–209.
Olsson CA, Anney RJ, Lotfi-Miri M, Byrnes GB, Williamson R, Patton GC (2005). Association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and propensity to anxiety in an Australian population-based longitudinal study of adolescent health. Psychiatr Genet 15: 109–115.
Ono H, Shirakawa O, Nushida H, Ueno Y, Maeda K (2004). Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase functional polymorphism and male suicide completers. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 1374–1377.
O'Tuathaigh CM, Babovic D, O'Meara G, Clifford J, Croke D, Waddington J (2007). Susceptibility genes for schizophrenia: characterisation of mutant mouse models at the level of phenotypic behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31: 60–78.
Philippu G, Hoo JJ, Milech U, Argarwal DP, Schrappe O, Goedde HW (1981). Catechol-O-methyltransferase of erythrocytes in patients with endogenous psychoses. Psychiatry Res 4: 139–146.
Piccinelli M, Wilkinson G (2000). Gender differences in depression—critical review. Br J Psychiatry 177: 486–492.
Pohjalainen T, Rinne JO, Nogren K, Syvalahti E, Hietala J (1998). Sex differences in the striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding characteristics in vivo. Am J Psychiatry 155: 768–773.
Pooley EC, Fineberg N, Harrison PJ (2007). The met158 allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder in men: case–control study and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 12: 556–561.
Poyurovsky M, Michaelovsky E, Frisch A, Knoll G, Amir I, Finkel B, Buniak F, Hermesh H, Weizman R (2005). COMT Vall58Met polymorphism in schizophrenia with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control study. Neurosci Lett 389: 21–24.
Preece P, Cairns NJ (2003). Quantifying mRNA in postmortem human brain: influence of gender, age at death, postmortem interval, brain pH, agonal state and inter-lobe mRNA variance. Mol Brain Res 118: 60–71.
Robinson DS, Sourkes TL, Nies A, Harris LS, Spector S, Bartlett DL et al (1977). Monoamine metabolism in human brain. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34: 89–92.
Rothe C, Koszycki D, Bradwejn J, King N, Deluca V, Tharmalingam S et al (2006). Association of the Val158Met catchol-O-methyltransferase genetic polymorphism with panic disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 2237–2242.
Rybakowski JK, Borkowska A, Czerski PM, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Skibinska M, Kapelski P et al (2006). Performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in schizophrenia and genes of dopaminergic inactivation (COMT, DAT, NET). Psychiatry Res 143: 13–19.
Sazci A, Ergul E, Kucukali I, Kara I, Kaya G (2005). Association of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene with schizophrenia: association is significant in men but not in women. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29: 1113–1123.
Sazci A, Ergul E, Kucukali I, Kilic G, Kaya G, Kara I (2004). Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene Val108/158Met polymorphism and susceptibility to schizophrenia: association is more significant in women. Mol Brain Res 132: 51–56.
Seeman M (1997). Psychopathology in women and men: focus on female hormones. Am J Psychiatry 154: 1641–1647.
Shifman S, Bronstein M, Sternfeld M, Pisant A, Shalom A, Lev-Lehman E et al (2002). A highly significant association between a COMT haplotype and schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet 71: 1296–1302.
Shifman S, Bronstein M, Sternfeld M, Pisante A, Weizman A, Reznik I et al (2004). COMT: a common susceptibility gene in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet Neuropsychiatr Genet 128B: 61–64.
Smolka MN, Schumann G, Wrase J, Grusser S, Flor H, Mann K et al (2005). Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met genotype affects processing of emotional stimuli in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 25: 836–842.
Stein MB, Fallin MD, Schork NJ, Gelernter J (2005). COMT polymorphisms and anxiety related personality traits. Neuropsychopharmacology 30: 2092–2102.
Stone JL, Merriman B, Cantor RM, Yonan AL, Gilliam TC, Geschwind DH et al (2004). Evidence for sex-specific risk alleles in autism spectrum disorder. Am J Hum Genet 75: 1117–1123.
Sweet RA, Devlin B, Pollock BG, Sukonick DL, Kastango KB, Bacanu SA et al (2005). Catchol-O-methyltransferase haplotypes are associated with psychosis in Alzheimer disease. Mol Psychiatry 10: 1026–1036.
Tamminga CA (1997). Gender and schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 58 (Suppl15): 33–37.
Tunbridge E, Burnet PWJ, Sodhi MS, Harrison PJ (2004b). Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) mRNAs in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Synapse 51: 112–118.
Tunbridge EM, Bannerman DM, Sharp T, Harrison PJ (2004a). Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition improves set-shifting performance and elevates stimulated dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 24: 5331–5335.
Tunbridge EM, Harrison PJ, Warden D, Refsum H, Johnston C, Smith AD (2007c). Human plasma homocysteine levels are associated with the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism. Biol Psychiatry 61 (Suppl): 191S.
Tunbridge EM, Harrison PJ, Weinberger DR (2006a). Catechol-O-methyltransferase, cognition, and psychosis: Val158Met and beyond. Biol Psychiatry 60: 141–151.
Tunbridge EM, Lane TA, Harrison PJ (2007b). Expression of multiple catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) mRNA variants in human brain. Am J Med Genet Neuropsychiatr Genet (E-pub 3 May 2007; doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30539).
Tunbridge EM, Weickert CS, Kleinman JE, Herman MM, Chen J, Kolachana BS et al (2007a). Catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme activity and protein expression in human prefrontal cortex across the postnatal lifespan. Cereb Cortex 17: 1206–1212.
Tunbridge EM, Weinberger DR, Harrison PJ (2006b). A novel protein isoform of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): brain expression analysis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and effect of Val158Met genotype. Mol Psychiatry 11: 116–117.
Vawter MP, Evans S, Choudary P, Tomita H, Meador-Woodruff J, Molnar M et al (2004). Gender-specific gene expression in post-mortem human brain: localization to sex chromosomes. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 373–384.
Weinberger DR, Egan MF, Bertolino A, Callicott JH, Mattay VS, Lipska BK et al (2001). Prefrontal neurons and the genetics of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 50: 825–844.
Weiss LA, Pan L, Abney M, Ober C (2006). The sex-specific genetic architecture of quantitative traits in humans. Nat Genet 38: 218–222.
Williams-Gray C, Hamshire A, Robbins T, Owen A, Barker R (2007). Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met genotype influences frontoparietal activity during planning in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci 27: 4832–4838.
Woo J-M, Yoon K-S, Choi Y-H, Oh K-S, Lee Y-S, Yu B-H (2004). The association between panic disorder and the L/L genotype of catechol-O-methyltransferase. J Psychiatr Res 38: 365–370.
Worda C, Sator MO, Schneeberger C, Jantschev T, Ferlitsch K, Huber JC (2003). Influence of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) codon 158 polymorphism on estrogen levels in women. Hum Reprod 18: 262–266.
Xiao L, Becker JB (1994). Quantitative microdialysis determination of extracellular striatal dopamine concentration in male and female rats: effects of estrous cycle and gonadectomy. Neurosci Lett 180: 155–158.
Xie T, Ho SL, Ramsden D (1999). Characterization and implications of estrogenic down-regulation of human catechol-O-methyltransferase gene transcription. Mol Pharmacol 56: 31–38.
Zhu BT (2002). Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)-mediated methylation metabolism of endogenous bioactive catechols and modulation by endobiotics and xenobiotics: importance in pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Curr Drug Metab 3: 321–329.