Catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose in sulfolane with some acidic catalysts

Kawamoto H, Hatanaka W, Saka S (2003) Thermochemical conversion of cellulose in polar solvent (sulfolane) into levoglucosan and other low molecular-weight substances. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 70:303–313

Kawamoto H, Murayam M, Saka S (2003) Pyrolysis behavior of levoglucosan as an intermediate in cellulose pyrolysis: polymerization into polysaccharide as a key reaction to carbonized product formation. J Wood Sci 49:469–473

Kawamoto H, Saka S (2006) Heterogeneity in cellulose pyrolysis indicated from the pyrolysis in sulfolane. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 76:280–284

Tsuchiya Y, Sumi K (1970) Thermal decomposition products of cellulose. J Appl Polymer Sci 14:2003–2013

Wodley FA (1971) Pyrolysis products of untreated and flame retardant-treated α-cellulose and levoglucosan. J Appl Polym Sci 15:835–851

Lipska AE, McCasland GE (1971) Synergistic effect of benzydrylation and iodination of the flammability of alpha-cellulose. J Appl Polym Sci 15:419–435

Halpern Y, Riffer R, Broido A (1973) Levoglucosenone (1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-δ3-β-d-pyranosen-2-one). Major product of the acid-catalyzed pyrolysis of cellulose and related carbohydrates. J Org Chem 38:204–209

Broido A, Evett M, Hodges CC (1975) Yield of 1,6-anhydro-3, 4-dideoxy-β-d-glycerohex-3-enopyranos-2-ulose (levoglucosenone) on the acid-catalyzed pyrolysis of cellulose and 1,6-anhydro-b-d-glucopyranose (levoglucosan). Carbohydr Res 44:267–274

Shafizadeh F, Furneaux RH, Stevenson TT, Cochran TG (1978) Acid-catalyzed pyrolytic synthesis and decomposition of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-α-d-glucopyranose. Carbohydr Res 61:519–528

Fung DPC (1976) Further investigation on the effect of phosphoric acid on the pyrolysis of cellulose. Wood Sci 9:55–57

Shafizadeh F, Chin PPS (1976) Pyrolytic production and decomposition of 1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-β-d-glycero-hex-3-enopyranos-2-ulose. Carbohydr Res 46:149–154

Shafizadeh F, Chin PPS (1977) Preparation of 1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-β-d-glycero-hex-3-enopyranos-2-ulose (levoglucosenone) and some derivatives thereof. Carbohydr Res 58:79–87

Dobele G, Rossinskaja G, Telysheva G, Meier D, Faix O (1999) Cellulose dehydration and depolymerization reactions during pyrolysis in the presence of phosphoric acid. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 49:307–317

Dobele G, Meier D, Faix O, Radtke S, Rossinskaja G, Telysheva G (2001) Volatile products of catalytic flash pyrolysis of celluloses. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 58–59:453–463

Dobele G, Dizhbite T, Rossinskaja G, Telysheva G, Meier D, Radtke S, Faix O (2003) Pre-treatment of biomass with phosphoric acid prior to fast pyrolysis: a promising method for obtaining 1,6-anhydrosaccharides in high yields. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 68–69:197–211

Witczak ZJ (1994) Levoglucosenone; past, present and further applications. In: Witczak ZJ (ed) Levoglucosenone and levoglucosans. ATL, Mount Prospect, IL, pp 3–16

Isobe M, Yamamoto N, Nishikawa T (1994) Levoglucosenone as chiral pool for synthesis. In: Witczak ZJ (ed) Levoglucosenone and levoglucosans. ATL, Mount Prospect, IL, pp 99–118

Streitwieser A Jr, Heathcock CH (1979) Introduction to organic chemistry (translation version in Japanese). Hirokawa, Tokyo, p 6 (appendix)

Kato K, Komorita H (1968) Pyrolysis of cellulose. V. Isolation and identification of 3-deoxyglycosones produced from d-glucose, dxylose, and α-cellulose by heating. Agr Biol Chem 32:715–720

Houminer Y, Patai S (1967) Thermal decomposition of d-glucose labeled with carbon-14 at various positions. Tetrahedron Lett 8:1297–1300

Arnett EM, Douty CF (1964) Solvent effects in organic chemistry. II. Sulfolane — a weakly basic aprotic solvent of high dielectric constant. J Am Chem Soc 86:409–412

Gardiner D (1966) The pyrolysis of some hexoses and derived di-, tri-, and polysaccharides. J Chem Soc C 1473-1476