Catalyst deactivation, ash accumulation and bio-oil deoxygenation during ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass in a cascade thermal-catalytic reactor system

Mohan, 2006, Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for bio-oil: a critical review, Energy Fuel, 20, 848, 10.1021/ef0502397 Bridgwater, 2012, Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading, Biomass Bioenergy, 38, 68, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048 Xiu, 2012, Bio-oil production and upgrading research: a review, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 16, 4406, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.028 Yildiz, 2016, Challenges in the design and operation of processes for catalytic fast pyrolysis of woody biomass, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 57, 1596, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.202 Liu, 2014, Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, Chem. Soc. Rev., 43, 7594, 10.1039/C3CS60414D Brewer, 2009 Mullen, 2009, Bio-oil and bio-char production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis, Biomass Bioenergy, 34, 67, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.09.012 Mullen, 2013, Accumulation of inorganic impurities on HZSM-5 zeolites during catalytic fast pyrolysis of switchgrass, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52, 17156, 10.1021/ie4030209 Paasikallio, 2014, Product quality and catalyst deactivation in a four day catalytic fast pyrolysis production run, Green Chem., 16, 3549, 10.1039/c4gc00571f Yildiz, 2014, Catalytic fast pyrolysis of pine wood: effect of successive catalyst regeneration, Energy Fuel, 28, 4560, 10.1021/ef500636c Stefanidis, 2016, Catalyst hydrothermal deactivation and metal contamination during the in situ catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, Catal. Sci. Technol., 6, 10.1039/C5CY02239H Vasalos, 2016, Biomass catalytic pyrolysis: process design and economic analysis, Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Energy Environ., 5, 10.1002/wene.192 Aho, 2010, Catalytic upgrading of woody biomass derived pyrolysis vapours over iron modified zeolites in a dual-fluidized bed reactor, Fuel, 89, 1992, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.02.009 A. Aho, B.A. Tokarev, B.P. Backman, B.N. Kumar, B.K. Eränen, B.M. Hupa, B.B. Holmbom, B.T. Salmi, B.D. Yu Murzin, Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pine Biomass Over H-Beta Zeolite in a Dual-fluidized Bed Reactor: Effect of Space Velocity on the Yield and Composition of Pyrolysis Products, (n.d.). doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-011-9716-8. Mante, 2011, Fluid catalytic cracking of biomass pyrolysis vapors, Biomass Convers. Bior., 1, 189, 10.1007/s13399-011-0019-x Williams, 1995, The influence of catalyst regeneration on the composition of zeolite-upgraded biomass pyrolysis oils, Fuel, 74, 1839, 10.1016/0016-2361(95)80017-C PT, 1996, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in catalytically upgraded biomass pyrolysis oils, J. Inst. Energy, 69, 176 Park, 2006, Bio-oil upgrading over Ga modified zeolites in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 159, 553, 10.1016/S0167-2991(06)81656-3 Wang, 2014, Comparison of in-situ and ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis in a micro-reactor system, Bioresour. Technol., 173, 124, 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.097 Gamliel, 2015, Investigation of in situ and ex situ catalytic pyrolysis of miscanthus × giganteus using a PyGC–MS microsystem and comparison with a bench-scale spouted-bed reactor, Bioresour. Technol., 191, 187, 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.129 Adjaye, 1995, Production of hydrocarbons by catalytic upgrading of a fast pyrolysis bio-oil. Part I: conversion over various catalysts, Fuel Process. Technol., 45, 161, 10.1016/0378-3820(95)00034-5 Mullen, 2009, Bio-oil and bio-char production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis 5, Biomass Bioenergy, 34, 67, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.09.012 Olsson, 1997 Davidsson, 2002 Kowalski, 2007 Iisa, 2016, In situ and ex situ catalytic pyrolysis of pine in a bench-scale fluidized bed reactor system, Energy Fuel, 30, 2144, 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02165 Emeis, 1993, Determination of integrated molar extinction coefficients for infrared absorption bands of pyridine adsorbed on solid acid catalysts, J. Catal., 141, 347, 10.1006/jcat.1993.1145 Yang, 2006, TG-FTIR study on corn straw pyrolysis-influence of minerals, Chem. Res. Chin. Univ., 22, 524, 10.1016/S1005-9040(06)60155-4 Stefanidis, 2015, Optimization of bio-oil yields by demineralization of low quality biomass, Biomass Bioenergy, 83, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.09.004 Okuno, 2005, Primary release of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species during the pyrolysis of pulverized biomass, Energy Fuel, 19, 2164, 10.1021/ef050002a