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Iyengar, 1916, Land Tenures in Madras Presidency

1799, Report on the Jaghir, 75

Chand, 1960, History of the Freedom Movement in India, I

Logan, 1906, Manual of the Malabar District, I, 151

Patel, 1952, Agricultural Labourers in Modern India and Pakistan

Desai, 1948, The Social Background of Indian Nationalism

Sastri, 1955, The Colas, 567

Thurston, 1909, Castes and Tribes of Southern India, II, 329

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Buchanan , op. cit., I, p. 441–42.

Baylay and Hudleston , op. cit., p. 335.

Buchanan , op. cit. II, p. 68, 154.

Buchanan, 1870, A Journey from Madras through the Countries of Mysore, Carrara and Malabar, II, 67

1931, Census Report, 393

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Buchanan , op. cit., II, p. 67; Report on Malabar, para. 33. Buchanan adds that the only restriction of the master's powers of sale were that husband and wife might not be sold separately. The children belonged to the master of one of the parents, depending on the marriage customs of the caste.

Baines, 1912, Ethnography (Castes and Tribes), 10.1515/9783112383889

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Menon, 1924, History of Kerala

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Hutton J. H. , Caste in India, 2nd ed., p. 205.

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