Carrier dynamic overlapping switching frequency optimal pulse width modulation method for modular multilevel converters

Lesnicar A, Marquardt R (2003) An innovative modular multilevel converter topology suitable for a wide power range. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Bologna power tech conference, Bologna, Italy, 23–26 June 2003, 6 pp Glinka M, Marquardt R (2005) A new AC/AC multilevel converter family. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 52(3):662–669 Akagi H (2011) Classification, terminology, and application of the modular multilevel cascade converter (MMCC). IEEE Trans Power Electron 26(11):3119–3130 Perez MA, Bernet S, Rodriguez J et al (2015) Circuit topologies, modeling, control schemes, and applications of modular multilevel converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(1):4–17 Debnath S, Qin JC, Bahrani B et al (2015) Operation, control, and applications of the modular multilevel converter: a review. IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(1):37–53 Luo A, Xu QM, Ma FJ et al (2016) Overview of power quality analysis and control technology for the smart grid. J Mod Power Syst Clean Energy 4(1):1–9 Mohammadi HP, Bina MT (2011) A transformerless medium-voltage STATCOM topology based on extended modular multilevel converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 26(5):1943–1957 Zhuo GY, Jiang DZ, Lian XR (2012) Modular multilevel converter for unified power flow controller application. In: Proceedings of the third international conference on digital manufacturing and automation (ICDMA), Guilin, China, 31 July–2 August 2012, pp 545–549 Hagiwara M, Nishimura K, Akagi H (2010) A medium-voltage motor drive with a modular multilevel PWM inverter. IEEE Trans Power Electron 25(7):1786–1799 Debnath S, Saeedifard M (2013) A new hybrid modular multilevel converter for grid connection of large wind turbines. IEEE Trans Sust Energy 4(4):1051–1064 Mei J, Xiao BL, Shen K et al (2013) Modular multilevel inverter with new modulation method and its application to photovoltaic grid-connected generator. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28(11):5063–5073 Trintis I, Munk-Nielsen S, Teodorescu R et al (2011) A new modular multilevel converter with integrated energy storage. In: Proceedings of 37th annual conference on IEEE industrial electronics society, Melbourne, Australia, 7–10 November 2011, pp 1075–1080 Leon JI, Kouro S, Franquelo LG et al (2016) The essential role and the continuous evolution of modulation techniques for voltage-source inverters in the past, present, and future power electronics. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 63(5):2688–2701 Dahidah MSA, Konstantinou G, Agelidis VG (2015) A review of multilevel selective harmonic elimination PWM: formulations, solving algorithms, implementation and applications. IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(8):4091–4106 Ilves K, Antonopoulos A, Norrga S et al (2012) A new modulation method for the modular multilevel converter allowing fundamental switching frequency. IEEE Trans Power Electron 27(8):3482–3494 Konstantinou G, Ciobotaru M, Agelidis V (2013) Selective harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation of modular multilevel converters. IET Power Electron 6(1):96–107 Basante AP, Ceballos S, Konstantinou G et al (2018) (2N + 1) selective harmonic elimination-PWM for modular multilevel converters: a generalized formulation and a circulating current control method. IEEE Trans Power Electron 33(1):802–818 Tu QR, Xu Z (2011) Impact of sampling frequency on harmonic distortion for modular multilevel converter. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 26(1):298–306 Meshram PM, Borghate VB (2015) A simplified nearest level control (NLC) voltage balancing method for modular multilevel converter (MMC). IEEE Trans on Power Electron 30(1):450–462 Hu PF, Jiang DZ (2015) A level-increased nearest level modulation method for modular multilevel converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(4):1836–1842 Rohner S, Bernet S, Hiller M et al (2010) Modulation, losses, and semiconductor requirements of modular multilevel converters. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 57(8):2633–2642 Li ZX, Wang P, Zhu HB et al (2012) An improved pulse width modulation method for chopper-cell-based modular multilevel converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 27(8):3472–3481 Deng Y, Harley RG (2015) Space-vector versus nearest-level pulse width modulation for multilevel converters. IEEE Trans on Power Electron 30(6):2962–2974 Deng Y, Wang YB, Teo KH et al (2016) A simplified space vector modulation scheme for multilevel converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 31(3):1873–1886 Dekka A, Wu B, Zargari NR et al (2016) A space-vector PWM-based voltage-balancing approach with reduced current sensors for modular multilevel converter. IEEE Trans on Ind Electron 63(5):2734–2745 Hagiwara M, Akagi H (2009) Control and experiment of pulse width-modulated modular multilevel converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 24(7):1737–1746 Ilves K, Harnefors L, Norrga S et al (2015) Analysis and operation of modular multilevel converters with phase-shifted carrier PWM. IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(1):268–283 Li BB, Yang RF, Xu DD et al (2015) Analysis of the phase-shifted carrier modulation for modular multilevel converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(1):297–310 Darus R, Pou J, Konstantinou G et al (2015) A modified voltage balancing algorithm for the modular multilevel converter: evaluation for staircase and phase-disposition PWM. IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(8):4119–4127 Mcgrath BP, Teixeira CA, Holmes DG (2015) Optimised phase disposition (PD) modulation of a modular multilevel converter using a state machine decoder. In: Proceedings of 2015 IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition (ECCE), Montreal, Canada, 20–24 September 2015, pp 6368–6375 Hassanpoor A, Norrga S, Nee HP et al (2012) Evaluation of different carrier-based PWM methods for modular multilevel converters for HVDC application. In: Proceedings of 38th annual conference on IEEE industrial electronics society (IECON), Montreal, Canada, 25–28 October 2012, pp 388–393 Darus R, Konstantinou G, Pou J et al (2014) Comparison of phase-shifted and level-shifted PWM in the modular multilevel converter. In: Proceedings of 2014 international power electronics conference (ECCE-ASIA), Hiroshima, Japan, 18–21 May 2014, pp 3764–3770 Baú DF, da Silva GS, Pinheiro H et al (2016) PD modulation strategy for modular multilevel converters. In: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE international conference on industry applications (INDUSCON), Curitiba, Brazil, 20–23 November 2016, pp 1–6 Konstantinou G, Darus R, Pou J et al (2014) Varying and unequal carrier frequency PWM techniques for modular multilevel converters. In: Proceedings of 2014 international power electronics conference (ECCE-ASIA), Hiroshima, Japan, 18–21 May 2014, pp 3758–3763 Chang YR, Cai X, Zhang JW et al (2016) Bifurcate modular multilevel converter for low-modulation-ratio applications. IET Power Electron 9(2):145–154 Tolbert LM, Peng FZ, Habetler TG (2000) Multilevel PWM methods at low modulation indices. IEEE Trans Power Electron 15(4):719–725 Yuan YB, Li P, Kong XP et al (2016) Harmonic influence analysis of unified power flow controller based on modular multilevel converter. J Mod Power Syst Clean Energy 4(1):10–18 Korn A, Winkelnkemper M, Steimer P (2010) Low output frequency operation of the modular multilevel converter. In: Proceeding of IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition, Atlanta, USA, 12–16 September 2010, pp 3993–3997 Wang HY, Zhao RX, Deng Y et al (2003) Novel carrier-based PWM methods for multilevel inverter. In: Proceedings of 29th annual conference on IEEE industrial electronics society, Roanoke, USA, 2–6 November 2003, pp 2777–2782 Wang HY, Deng Y, He XN (2004) Novel carrier-based PWM method with voltage balance for flying capacitor multilevel inverters. In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE power electronics specialists conference, Orlando, USA, 17–21 June 2004, pp 4423–4427 Deng Y, Wang HY, Zhang C et al (2005) Multilevel PWM methods based on control degrees of freedom combination and its theoretical analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE industry applications conference fortieth IAS annual meeting, Hong Kong, China, 2–6 October 2005, pp 1692–1699 Hridya I, Srinivas S (2015) Carrier overlapped PWM switching schemes for a cascaded three level voltage source inverter. In: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE international conference on industrial technology (ICIT), Seville, Spain, 17–19 March 2015, pp 3028–3033 Angulo M, Lezana P, Kouro S et al (2007) Level-shifted PWM for cascaded multilevel inverters with even power distribution. In: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE power electronics specialists conference (PESC’07), Orlando, USA, 17–21 June 2007, pp 2373–2378 Tu QR, Xu Z, Xu L (2011) Reduced switching-frequency modulation and circulating current suppression for modular multilevel converters. IEEE Trans Power Del 26(3):2009–2017