Cardiovascular risk assessment with carotid ultrasound in rheumatoid arthritis

Smolen, 2018, Rheumatoid arthritis, Nat Rev Dis Primers, 4, 18001, 10.1038/nrdp.2018.1 Scott, 2010, Rheumatoid arthritis, Lancet, 376, 1094, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60826-4 England, 2018, Increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms and implications, BMJ, 361, k1036, 10.1136/bmj.k1036 Aletaha, 2010, 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative [published correction appears in Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Oct;69(10):1892], Ann Rheum Dis, 69, 1580, 10.1136/ard.2010.138461 Ferguson, 2019, Cardiometabolic comorbidities in RA and PsA: lessons learned and future directions, Nat Rev Rheumatol, 15, 461, 10.1038/s41584-019-0256-0 Sattar, 2003, Explaining how “high-grade” systemic inflammation accelerates vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, Circulation, 108, 2957, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099844.31524.05 Gonzalez-Juanatey, 2003, Increased prevalence of severe subclinical atherosclerotic findings in long-term treated rheumatoid arthritis patients without clinically evident atherosclerotic disease, Medicine (Baltimore), 82, 407, 10.1097/01.md.0000101572.76273.60 Mahmoudi, 2017, New insights to the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis, Int J Rheum Dis, 20, 287, 10.1111/1756-185X.12999 Dalbeni, 2020, Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and residual disease activity are associated with atherosclerosis progression in rheumatoid arthritis patients, Hypertens Res, 43, 922, 10.1038/s41440-020-0441-1 Liao, 2013, Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatology (Oxford), 52, 45, 10.1093/rheumatology/kes243 D’Agostino, 2001, Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation, JAMA, 286, 180, 10.1001/jama.286.2.180 Ridker, 2007, Development and validation of improved algorithms for the assessment of global cardiovascular risk in women: the Reynolds Risk Score [published correction appears in JAMA 2007 Apr 4;297(13):1433], JAMA, 297, 611, 10.1001/jama.297.6.611 Conroy, 2003, Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project, Eur Heart J, 24, 987, 10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3 Gómez-Vaquero, 2013, SCORE and REGICOR function charts underestimate the cardiovascular risk in Spanish patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis Res Ther, 15, R91, 10.1186/ar4271 Crowson, 2012, Usefulness of risk scores to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Am J Cardiol, 110, 420, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.03.044 Wibetoe, 2020, Prediction of cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis using risk age calculations: evaluation of concordance across risk age models, Arthritis Res Ther, 22, 90, 10.1186/s13075-020-02178-z Agca, 2017, EULAR recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disorders: 2015/2016 update, Ann Rheum Dis, 76, 17, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209775 Touboul, 2007, Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness consensus (2004–2006): an update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd and 4th Watching the Risk Symposium 13th and 15th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany 2004, and Brussels, Belgium, 2006, Cerebrovasc Dis, 10.1159/000097034 Nezu, 2016, Carotid intima-media thickness for atherosclerosis, J Atheroscler Thromb, 23, 18, 10.5551/jat.31989 Gonzalez-Juanatey, 2009, Carotid intima-media thickness predicts the development of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 38, 366, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.01.012 Jamthikar, 2020, Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using carotid ultrasound B-mode imaging, Rheumatol Int, 40, 1921, 10.1007/s00296-020-04691-5 Corrales, 2020, Carotid plaques as predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Results from a 5-year-prospective follow-up study, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 50, 1333, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.03.011 Semb, 2020, Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention in rheumatoid arthritis, Nat Rev Rheumatol, 16, 361, 10.1038/s41584-020-0428-y Ogdie, 2015, Risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study, Ann Rheum Dis, 74, 326, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205675 Jafri, 2017, Incidence and management of cardiovascular risk factors in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 69, 51, 10.1002/acr.23094 Hannawi, 2020, Subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients of the Gulf Cooperated Council, Saudi Med J, 41, 1022, 10.15537/smj.2020.9.25319 Ambrosino, 2015, Subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A meta-analysis of literature studies, Thromb Haemost, 113, 916, 10.1160/TH14-11-0921 Wah-Suarez, 2019, Carotid ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis and control subjects: a case–control study, Int J Rheum Dis, 22, 25, 10.1111/1756-185X.13377 Corrales, 2014, Carotid ultrasound is useful for the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a population-based study, Ann Rheum Dis, 73, 722, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-203101 Mackey, 2015, Rheumatoid arthritis anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide positivity, and cardiovascular disease risk in the women's health initiative, Arthritis Rheumatol, 67, 2311, 10.1002/art.39198 Meyer, 2018, Rheumatoid arthritis and risk of cardiovascular disease, Cardiovasc J Afr, 29, 317, 10.5830/CVJA-2018-018