Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes according to body weight time in range

Wang, 2011, Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK, Lancet, 378, 815, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60814-3 Powell-Wiley, 2021, Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American heart association, Circulation, 143, e984, 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973 Scheen, 2014, Combating the dual burden: therapeutic targeting of common pathways in obesity and type 2 diabetes, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2, 911, 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70004-X Cefalu, 2015, Advances in the science, treatment, and prevention of the disease of obesity: reflections from a diabetes care editors' expert forum, Diabetes Care, 38, 1567, 10.2337/dc15-1081 2022, 8. obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2022, Diabetes Care, 45, S113 Wing, 2013, Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes, N Engl J Med, 369, 145, 10.1056/NEJMoa1212914 Wadden, 2009, One-year weight losses in the Look AHEAD study: factors associated with success, Obesity, 17, 713, 10.1038/oby.2008.637 Wing, 2016, Association of weight loss maintenance and weight regain on 4-year changes in CVD risk factors: the action for health in diabetes (Look AHEAD) clinical trial, Diabetes Care, 39, 1345, 10.2337/dc16-0509 de Las, 2009, Effect of moderate diet-induced weight loss and weight regain on cardiovascular structure and function, J Am Coll Cardiol, 54, 2376, 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.054 Hamdy, 2017, Long-term effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice: a 5-year longitudinal study, BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 5, e259, 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000259 Berger, 2019, Change in cardiometabolic risk factors associated with magnitude of weight regain 3 years after a 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Look AHEAD trial, J Am Heart Assoc, 8, e10951, 10.1161/JAHA.118.010951 Ryan, 2003, Look AHEAD (action for health in diabetes): design and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes, Control Clin Trials, 24, 610, 10.1016/S0197-2456(03)00064-3 Wadden, 2006, The Look AHEAD study: a description of the lifestyle intervention and the evidence supporting it, Obesity, 14, 737, 10.1038/oby.2006.84 Schmitt, 2003, Quality assessment of anticoagulation dose management: comparative evaluation of measures of time-in-therapeutic range, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 15, 213, 10.1023/B:THRO.0000011377.78585.63 Prentice, 2021, Increased hemoglobin A(1c) time in range reduces adverse health outcomes in older adults with diabetes, Diabetes Care, 44, 1750, 10.2337/dc21-0292 Dehejia, 2002, Propensity score-matching methods for nonexperimental causal studies, Rev Econ Stat, 84, 151, 10.1162/003465302317331982 Austin, 2011, Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies, Pharm Stat, 10, 150, 10.1002/pst.433 Wesche-Thobaben, 2011, The development and description of the comparison group in the Look AHEAD trial, Clin Trials, 8, 320, 10.1177/1740774511405858 Nam, 2020, Body weight variability and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study, Diabetes Care, 43, 2234, 10.2337/dc19-2552 Kaze, 2022, Body weight variability and risk of cardiovascular outcomes and death in the context of weight loss intervention among patients with type 2 diabetes, JAMA Netw Open, 5, 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0055 VanderWeele, 2017, Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value, Ann Intern Med, 167, 268, 10.7326/M16-2607 Knowler, 2002, Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin, N Engl J Med, 346, 393, 10.1056/NEJMoa012512 Gregg, 2012, Association of an intensive lifestyle intervention with remission of type 2 diabetes, JAMA, 308, 2489, 10.1001/jama.2012.67929 Wing, 2010, Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial, Arch Intern Med, 170, 1566 Liu, 2018, Influence of lifestyle on incident cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus, J Am Coll Cardiol, 71, 2867, 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.027 2015, Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the diabetes prevention program outcomes study, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 3, 866, 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00291-0 Santos, 2017, Prevalence of personal weight control attempts in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Obes Rev, 18, 32, 10.1111/obr.12466 Anderson, 2001, Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies, Am J Clin Nutr, 74, 579, 10.1093/ajcn/74.5.579 Wing, 2005, Long-term weight loss maintenance, Am J Clin Nutr, 82, 222S, 10.1093/ajcn/82.1.222S Norris, 2005, Pharmacotherapy for weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, D4096 Elfhag, 2005, Who succeeds in maintaining weight loss? A conceptual review of factors associated with weight loss maintenance and weight regain, Obes Rev, 6, 67, 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00170.x Foster, 2010, Weight and metabolic outcomes after 2 years on a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet: a randomized trial, Ann Intern Med, 153, 147, 10.7326/0003-4819-153-3-201008030-00005 Wadden, 2021, Effect of subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 3 randomized clinical trial, JAMA, 325, 1403, 10.1001/jama.2021.1831 Pareek, 2018, Metabolic surgery: weight loss, diabetes, and beyond, J Am Coll Cardiol, 71, 670, 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.014 Anastasiou, 2015, Weight regaining: from statistics and behaviors to physiology and metabolism, Metabolism, 64, 1395, 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.08.006 Sumithran, 2013, The defence of body weight: a physiological basis for weight regain after weight loss, Clin Sci, 124, 231, 10.1042/CS20120223