Cardiovascular-Renal and Metabolic Characterization of a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Stein, 1935, Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 29, 181, 10.1016/S0002-9378(15)30642-6 Diamanti-Kandarakis, 2008, Polycystic ovarian syndrome; pathophysiology, molecular aspects and clinical implications, Expert Rev Mol Med, 10, 1, 10.1017/S1462399408000598 Witchel, 2006, Puberty and polycystic ovary syndrome, Mol Cell Endocrinol, 254 Christakou, 2008, Role of androgen excess on metabolic aberrations and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Women's Health, 4, 583, 10.2217/17455057.4.6.583 Azziz, 2006, Position statement: Criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 4237, 10.1210/jc.2006-0178 Azziz, 2009, The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: The complete task force report, Fertil Steril, 91, 456, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035 Carmina, 2006, Extensive clinical experience: Relative prevalence of different androgen excess disorders in 950 women referred because of clinical hyperandrogenism, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 2, 10.1210/jc.2005-1457 Azziz, 2004, Androgen excess in women: Experience with over 1000 consecutive patients, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 453, 10.1210/jc.2003-031122 Chittenden, 2009, Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of gynaecological cancer: A systematic review, Reprod Biomed Online, 19, 398, 10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60175-7 Diamanti-Kandarakis, 2006, Insulin resistance in PCOS, Endocrine, 30, 13, 10.1385/ENDO:30:1:13 Stener-Victorin, 2005, Rats with steroid-induced polycystic ovaries develop hypertension and increased sympathetic nervous system activity, Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 3, 44, 10.1186/1477-7827-3-44 Shi, 2009, A unique rodent model of cardiometabolic risk associated with the metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome, Endocrinology, 150, 4425, 10.1210/en.2008-1612 Mannerås, 2007, A new rat model exhibiting both ovarian and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome, Endocrinology, 148, 3781, 10.1210/en.2007-0168 Perez-Torres, 2009, Association of renal damage and oxidative stress in a rat model of metabolic syndrome, Free Radic Res, 43, 761, 10.1080/10715760903045296 Fortepiani, 2003, Characterization of an animal model of postmenopausal hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Hypertension, 41, 460, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000046924.94886.EF Mannerås, 2009, Acupuncture and exercise restore adipose tissue expression of sympathetic markers and improve ovarian morphology in rats with dihydrotestosterone-induced PCOS, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 296, R1124, 10.1152/ajpregu.90947.2008 Sartori-Valinotti, 2008, Sex differences in angiotensin II when the endogenous renin-angiotensin system is blocked, Hypertension, 51, 1170, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.106922 Kitiyakara, 2003, Salt intake, oxidative stress, and renal expression of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase, J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, 2775, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000092145.90389.65 Reckelhoff, 1994, Changes in nitric oxide precursor, L-arginine, and metabolites, nitrate and nitrite, with aging, Life Sci, 55, 1895, 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00521-4 Fortepiani, 2005, Increasing oxidative stress with molsidomine increases blood pressure in genetically hypertensive rats but not normotensive controls, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 289, R763, 10.1152/ajpregu.00526.2004 Yanes, 2006, Sexual dimorphism in the renin-angiotensin system in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats, Am J Physiol Reg Integr Comp Physiol, 291, R383, 10.1152/ajpregu.00510.2005 Rubera, 2004, Specific Cre/Lox recombination in the mouse proximal tubule, J Am Soc Nephrol, 15, 2050, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000133023.89251.01 Hall, 1995, Control of sodium excretion and arterial pressure by intrarenal mechanisms and the renin-angiotensin system, 1451 Hall, 1999, Mechanisms of hypertension and kidney disease in obesity, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 892, 91, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07788.x Sharma, 2004, Is there a rationale for angiotensin blockade in the management of obesity hypertension?, Hypertension, 44, 12, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000132568.71409.a2 Baba, 2006, Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and female-to-male transsexuality, Hum Reprod, 22, 1011, 10.1093/humrep/del474 Hall, 2000, Pathophysiology of obesity hypertension, Curr Hypertens Rep, 2, 139, 10.1007/s11906-000-0073-4 Sverrisdottir, 2008, Is PCOS associated with high sympathetic nerve activity and size at birth?, Am J Phys Endocrinol Metab, 294, E542 Stanworth, 2009, Testosterone in obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, Front Horm Res, 37, 74, 10.1159/000176046 Allan, 2010, Androgens and obesity, Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes, 17, 224, 10.1097/MED.0b013e3283398ee2 Wu, 2009, Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin sensitivity and decreases high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal young male patients, Chin Med J, 122, 2846 Malkin, 2004, The effect of testosterone replacement on endogenous inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in hypogonadal men, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 3313, 10.1210/jc.2003-031069 Giltay, 2008, C-reactive protein levels and ageing male symptoms in hypogonadal men treated with testosterone supplementation, Andrologia, 40, 398, 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00873.x Tarkun, 2004, Endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 5592, 10.1210/jc.2004-0751 Hermsdorff HH, Zulet MA, Puchau B, Martinez JA. Central adiposity rather than total adiposity measurements are specifically involved in the inflammatory status from healthy young adults. Inflammation. In press. Elks, 2010, Central adiposity, systemic inflammation, and the metabolic syndrome, Curr Hypertens Rep, 12, 99, 10.1007/s11906-010-0096-4 Rizvi, 2010, Hypertension, Obesity, and Inflammation: The complex designs of a deadly trio, Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 8, 287, 10.1089/met.2009.0116 Guo, 2009, Soluble TNFR II/IgG1 Fc fusion protein treatment in the LPS-mediated septic shock of rats, Biomed Pharmacotherap, 63, 537, 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.08.012 Ding, 2009, A pivotal role of endothelial-specific NF-kappaB signaling in the pathogenesis of septic shock and septic vascular dysfunction, J Immunol, 183, 4031, 10.4049/jimmunol.0900105 LaMarca, 2007, Role of sex steroids in modulating tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced changes in vascular function and blood pressure, Am J Hypertens, 20, 1216 LaMarca, 2008, Hypertension in response to chronic reductions in uterine perfusion in pregnant rats: Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade, Hypertension, 52, 1161, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.120881 Jensterle, 2007, Decreased androgen levels and improved menstrual pattern after angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan treatment in four hypertensive patients with polycystic ovary syndrome; case series, Croat Med J, 48, 864, 10.3325/cmj.2007.6.864 Diamanti-Kandarakis, 2009, Hyperreninemia characterizing women with polycystic ovary syndrome improves after metformin therapy, Kid Blood Press Res, 32, 24, 10.1159/000201791 Chen, 1992, Androgen-dependent angiotensinogen and renin messenger RNA expression in hypertensive rats, Hypertension, 19, 456, 10.1161/01.HYP.19.5.456 Ellison, 1989, Androgen regulation of rat renal angiotensinogen messenger RNA expression, J Clin Invest, 83, 1941, 10.1172/JCI114102 Nickenig, 2000, Negative feedback regulation of reactive oxygen species on AT1 receptor gene expression, Br J Pharmacol, 131, 795, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703623 Koka, 2008, Angiotensin II up-regulates angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), but down-regulates ACE2 via the AT1-ERK/p38 MAP kinase pathway, Am J Pathol, 172, 1174, 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070762 Nickenig, 1998, Estrogen modulates AT1 receptor gene expression in vitro and in vivo, Circulation, 97, 2197, 10.1161/01.CIR.97.22.2197 Song, 2006, Androgens augment renal vascular responses to Ang II in New Zealand genetically hypertensive rats, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 290, R1608, 10.1152/ajpregu.00364.2005 Rajagopalan, 1996, Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation, J Clin Invest, 97, 1916, 10.1172/JCI118623 Alvarez, 2010, Pravastatin counteracts angiotensin II-induced upregulation and activation of NADPH oxidase at plasma membrane of human endothelial cells, J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 55, 203, 10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181ce5f5a Meng, 2003, Oxidative stress in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension, Hypertension, 41, 1346, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000070028.99408.E8 Yanes, 2005, Systemic arterial pressure response to two weeks of Tempol therapy in SHR: involvement of NO, the RAS, and oxidative stress, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 288, R903, 10.1152/ajpregu.00530.2004 Sartori-Valinotti, 2007, Sex differences in oxidative stress and the impact on blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease, Clin Exp Pharm Physiol, 34, 938, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04643.x