Cardiac arrhythmias—Update 1987

Hoffman, 1960 Hoffman, 1981, Cellular mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias, Circ Res, 49, 1, 10.1161/01.RES.49.1.1 Trautwein, 1973, Membrane currents in cardiac muscle fibers, Physiol Rev, 53, 793, 10.1152/physrev.1973.53.4.793 Vassalle, 1977, The relationship among cardiac pacemakers: Overdrive suppression, Circ Res, 41, 269, 10.1161/01.RES.41.3.269 Vassalle, 1972, Overdrive excitation: Onset of activity following fast drive in cardiac Purkinje fibers exposed to norepinephrine, Pfluegers Arch, 332, 198, 10.1007/BF00587447 Katzung, 1977, Effects of extracellular potassium on ventricular automaticity and evidence of a pacemaker current in mammalian ventricular myocardium, Circ Res, 40, 105, 10.1161/01.RES.40.1.105 Singer, 1981, Cellular electrophysiology of ventricular and other dysrhythmias: Studies on diseased and ischemic heart, Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 24, 97, 10.1016/0033-0620(81)90002-5 Cranefield, 1975 Wit, 1980, Triggered activity Wit, 1977, Triggered and automatic activity in the canine coronary sinus, Circ Res, 41, 435, 10.1161/01.RES.41.4.434 Ferrier, 1977, Digitalis arrhythmias: Role of oscillatory afterpotentials, Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 19, 459, 10.1016/0033-0620(77)90010-X Weidman, 1955, The effect of the cardiac membrane potential on the rapid availability of the sodium carrying system, J Physiol (Lond), 127, 213, 10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005250 Spach, 1982, The functional role of structural complexities in the propagation of depolarization in the atrium of the dog: Cardiac conduction disturbances due to discontinuities of effective axial resistivity, Circ Res, 50, 175, 10.1161/01.RES.50.2.175 Wit, 1978, Reentrant excitation as a cause of cardiac arrhythmias, Am J Physiol, 235, H1 Mines, 1914, On circulating excitations in heart muscle and their possible relations to tachycardia and fibrillation, Trans R Soc Can [3], 8 Jalife, 1981, Excitation, conduction and reflection of impulses in isolated bovine and canine cardiac Purkinje fibers, Circ Res, 49, 233, 10.1161/01.RES.49.1.233 Allessie, 1973, Circus movement in rabbit right atria] muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia, Circ Res, 33, 54, 10.1161/01.RES.33.1.54 Prystowsky, 1981, Effect of autonomic blockade on ventricular refractoriness and atrioventricular nodal conduction in humans: Evidence supporting a direct cholinergic action on ventricular muscle refractoriness, Circ Res, 49, 511, 10.1161/01.RES.49.2.511 Verrier, 1978, Sympathetic-parasympathetic interactions and ventricular electrical stability, 75 Verrier, 1975, Effect of posterior hypothalamic stimulation on ventricular fibrillation threshold, Am J Physiol, 228, 923, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.228.3.923 Skinner, 1982, Task force report on sudden cardiac death and arrhythmias, 309 Winkle, 1980, Ambulatory electrocardiography, Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis, 49, 7 Kennedy, 1981 Denes, 1983, Clinical electrophysiology-a decade of progress, J Am Coll Cardiol, 1, 292, 10.1016/S0735-1097(83)80030-8 Benson, 1984, Transesophageal cardiac pacing: History, application, technique, Clin Prog Pacing Electrophysiol, 2, 360 Jelinek, 1974, Exercise testing for exposure of cardiac arrhythmia, Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 16, 497, 10.1016/0033-0620(74)90008-5 Denes, 1983, Quantitative analysis of the high frequency components of the terminal portion of the body surface QRS in normals and in patients with ventricular tachycardia, Circulation, 67, 1129, 10.1161/01.CIR.67.5.1129 Vaughan-Williams, 1980 Harrison, 1977, Clinical pharmacokinetics of antiarrhythmic drugs, Prog Cardiovas Dis, 20, 217, 10.1016/0033-0620(77)90022-6 Velbit, 1982, Aggravation and provocation of ventricular arrhythmias by antiarrhythmic drugs, Circulation, 65, 886, 10.1161/01.CIR.65.5.886 Winkle, 1983, Antiarrhythmic therapy, 46 Barold, 1982 Parsonnett, 1974, Implantable cardiac pacemakers status report and resource guideline. Pacemaker Study Group (ICHD), Circulation, 50, A, 10.1161/circ.50.4.page5 Mirowski, 1981, Clinical treatment of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias with the automatic implantable defibrillators, Am Heart J, 102, 265, 10.1016/S0002-8703(81)80017-8 Scheinman, 1984, Executive Committee of the Percutaneous Cardiac Mapping and Ablation Registry: Catheter ablation of the antrioventricular junction: A report of the Percutaneous Mapping and Ablation Registry, Circulation, 70, 1024, 10.1161/01.CIR.70.6.1024 Searly, 1984, A review of the surgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, Clin Prog Pacing Electrophysiol, 2, 120, 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1984.tb01658.x Zipes, 1984, Specific arrhythmias: Diagnosis and treatment, 683 Heger, 1985, Diagnosis and management of cardiac arrhythmias, Curr Prob Cardiol, 10, 3, 10.1016/0146-2806(85)90022-2 Keete, 1986, Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: Their evaluation and therapy, Am Heart J, 111, 1150, 10.1016/0002-8703(86)90020-7 Walsh, 1986, Emergency treatment of tachyarrhythmias, Med Clin North Am, 70, 791, 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30925-7 Sung, 1983, Clinical electrophysiology of supraventricular tachycardia, Cardiol Clin, 1, 225, 10.1016/S0733-8651(18)30800-2 Benditt, 1984, Atrial flutter, atria] fibrillation, and other primary atrial tachycardias, Med Clin North Am, 68, 895, 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31105-1 Wagner, 1984, Arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction, Med Clin North Am, 68, 1001, 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31111-7 Brashear, 1984, Arrhythmias in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Med Clin North Am, 68, 895, 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31109-9 Kannel, 1982, Epidemiologic features of chronic atrial fibrillation: The Framingham Study, N Engl J Med, 306, 1018, 10.1056/NEJM198204293061703 Ehinger, 1978, Arrhythmias and the “Holiday Heart”: Alcohol associated cardiac rhythm disorders, Am Heart J, 95, 555, 10.1016/0002-8703(78)90296-X Brand, 1985, Characteristics and prognosis of lone atrial fibrillation, JAMA, 254, 3449, 10.1001/jama.1985.03360240061035 Hilton, 1977, Influence of etiology of atrial fibrillation on incidence of systemic embolism, Am J Cardiol, 40, 509, 10.1016/0002-9149(77)90064-9 Wolf, 1978, Epidemiological assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: The Framingham Study, Neurology, 28, 973, 10.1212/WNL.28.10.973 Mann, 1985, Absence of cardioversion-induced ventricular arrhythmias in patients with therapeutic digoxin levels, J Am Coll Cardiol, 5, 882, 10.1016/S0735-1097(85)80427-7 Borgeat, 1986, Flecainide versus quinidine for conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm, Am J Cardiol, 58, 496, 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90022-6 Gold, 1986, Amiodarone for refractory atrial fibrillation, Am J Cardiol, 57, 124, 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90964-1 Henry, 1976, Relationship between echocardiographically determined left atrial size and atrial fibrillation, Circulation, 53, 273, 10.1161/01.CIR.53.2.273 Ewy, 1980, Response of atria] fibrillation to therapy: Role of etiology and left atrial diameter, J Electrocardiol, 13, 119, 10.1016/S0022-0736(80)80042-2 Mancini, 1982, Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: Consideration of embolization, anticoagulation, prophylactic pacemaker, and longterm success, Am Heart J, 104, 617, 10.1016/0002-8703(82)90236-8 Resnekov, 1967, Complications in 220 patients with cardiac dysrhythmias treated by phased direct current shock, and indications for electroconversion, Br Heart J, 29, 926, 10.1136/hrt.29.6.926 Bjorkelund, 1969, The efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in preventing embolism relating to D.C. electrical conversion of atrial fibrillation, Am J Cardiol, 23, 208, 10.1016/0002-9149(69)90068-X Akhtar, 1984, Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, Med Clin North Am, 68, 819, 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31103-8 Pool, 1986, Treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias with encainide, Am J Cardiol, 58, 55c, 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90105-0 Kim, 1986, Treatment of paroxysmal reentry supraventricular tachycardia with flecainide acetate, Am J Cardiol, 58, 80, 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90245-6 Prystowsky, 1984, Preexcitation syndromes: Mechanisms and management, Med Clin North Am, 68, 831, 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31104-X Lown, 1972, Management of patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias, Am J Cardiol, 39, 910, 10.1016/S0002-9149(77)80046-5 Kostis, 1981, Premature ventricular complexes in the absence of identifiable heart disease, Circulation, 63, 1351, 10.1161/01.CIR.63.6.1351 Kennedy, 1985, Long-term follow-up of asymptomatic healthy subjects with frequent and complex ventricular ectopy, N Engl J Med, 312, 193, 10.1056/NEJM198501243120401 Kuo, 1984, Arrhythmias associated with mitral valve prolapse, 387 De Maria, 1976, Arrhythmias in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome: Prevalence, nature and frequency, Ann Intern Med, 84, 656, 10.7326/0003-4819-84-6-656 Mukharji, 1984, Risk factors for sudden death after acute myocardial infarction: Two-year follow-up, Am J Cardiol, 54, 31, 10.1016/0002-9149(84)90299-6 Taylor, 1980, Predictors of clinical course, coronary anatomy, and left ventricular function after recovery from acute myocardial infarction, Circulation, 62, 960, 10.1161/01.CIR.62.5.960 Moss, 1979, Ventricular ectopic beats and their relation to sudden and non-sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction, Circulation, 60, 998, 10.1161/01.CIR.60.5.998 Bigger, 1984, The relationship among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality in the 2 years after myocardial infarction, Circulation, 69, 250, 10.1161/01.CIR.69.2.250 Ruberman, 1981, Ventricular premature complexes and sudden death after myocardial infarction, Circulation, 64, 297, 10.1161/01.CIR.64.2.297 Kleiger, 1981, Relationship between clinical features of acute myocardial infarction and ventricular runs 2 weeks to 1 year after infarction, Circulation, 63, 64, 10.1161/01.CIR.63.1.64 Bigger, 1981, Prevalence, characteristics and significance of ventricular tachycardia (3 or more complexes) detected with ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in the late hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction, Am J Cardiol, 48, 815, 10.1016/0002-9149(81)90344-1 1982, Randomized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction, JAMA, 247, 1707, 10.1001/jama.1982.03320370021023 Hjalmarson, 1981, Effect of mortality of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction, Lancet, 2, 823, 10.1016/S0140-6736(81)91101-6 Hansteen, 1983, Beta-blockade after myocardial infarction: The Norwegian propranolol study in high-risk patients, Circulation, 67, 57 The CAPS Investigators, 1986, The cardiac arrhythmia pilot study, Am J Cardiol, 57, 91, 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90958-6 Wellens, 1981, The differentiation between ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction: The value of the 12-lead electrocardiogram, 184 Marriott, 1983, Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 197 Robertson, 1981, Anatomic and electrophysiologic correlates of ventricular tachycardia requiring left ventricular stimulation, Am J Cardiol, 48, 263, 10.1016/0002-9149(81)90606-8 Ezri, 1984, The role of Holter monitoring in patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia: An electrophysiologic correlation, Am Heart J, 108, 1229, 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90746-4 Herling, 1980, Ventricular ectopic activity after medical and surgical treatment for recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia, Am J Cardiol, 45, 633, 10.1016/S0002-9149(80)80016-6 Kim, 1985, Discordance between ambulatory monitoring and programmed stimulation in assessing efficacy of class IA antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with ventricular tachycardia, J Am Coll Cardiol, 6, 539, 10.1016/S0735-1097(85)80110-8 Wellens, 1985, Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: What is the significance of induced arrhythmias and what is the correct stimulation protocol?, Circulation, 72, 1, 10.1161/01.CIR.72.1.1 Josephson, 1979, Endocardial excision: A new surgical technique for the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia, Circulation, 60, 1430, 10.1161/01.CIR.60.7.1430 Heger, 1981, Amiodarone: Clinical efficacy and electrophysiology during long-term therapy for recurrent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, N Engl J Med, 305, 539, 10.1056/NEJM198109033051002 Ezri, 1986, Favorable prognosis of amiodarone treated patients with noninducible ventricular tachycardia (abstract), Circulation, 74, 110 Horowitz, 1985, Usefulness of electrophysiologic testing in evaluation of amiodarone therapy for sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with coronary artery disease, Am J Cardiol, 55, 367, 10.1016/0002-9149(85)90377-7 Mirowski, 1983, Mortality in patients with implanted automatic defibrillators, Ann Intern Med, 98, 585, 10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-585 Jervell, 1957, Congenital deaf-mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of QT interval and sudden death, Am Heart, 54, 59, 10.1016/0002-8703(57)90079-0 Romano, 1963, Artimic cardiache rare dell'eta pediatrica, La Clin Paediatr, 45, 656 Ward, 1966, The electrocardiographic abnormality in familial cardiac arrhythmia, Ir J Med Sci, 6, 533 Crampton, 1978, Evidence for dominance of the left stellate ganglion in the long QT syndrome (abstract), Am J Cardiol, 41, 401, 10.1016/0002-9149(78)90378-8 Schwartz, 1975, The long QT syndrome, Am Heart J, 89, 378, 10.1016/0002-8703(75)90089-7 Crampton, 1979, Preeminence of the left stellate ganglion in the long QT syndrome, Circulation, 59, 769, 10.1161/01.CIR.59.4.769 Surawicz, 1972, The pathogenesis and clinical significance of primary T wave abnormalities, 377 Sclarovsky, 1983, Amiodarone-induced polymorphous ventricular tachycardia, Am Heart, 105, 6, 10.1016/0002-8703(83)90270-3 Neuvonen, 1981, Prolonged QT interval and severe tachyarrhythmias, common features of sotolol intoxication, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 20, 85, 10.1007/BF00607142 Ruskin, 1983, Antiarrhythmic drugs: A possible cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, N Engl J Med, 309, 1302, 10.1056/NEJM198311243092107 Horowitz, 1981, Torsade de pointes: Electrophysiologic studies in patients without transient pharmacologic or metabolic abnormalities, Circulation, 63, 1120, 10.1161/01.CIR.63.5.1120 Swiryn, 1984, Sinus node function and dysfunction, Med Clin North Am, 68, 935, 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31107-5 Kerr, 1983, Sinus node dysfunction, Cardiol Clin, 1, 187, 10.1016/S0733-8651(18)30798-7 Bashour, 1985, Classification of sinus node dysfunction, Am Heart J, 110, 1251, 10.1016/0002-8703(85)90022-5 Talano, 1978, Sinus node dysfunction: An overview with emphasis in anatomic and pharmacological consideration, Am J Med, 64, 773, 10.1016/0002-9343(78)90516-8 James, 1977, The sinus node, Am J Cardiol, 40, 965, 10.1016/0002-9149(77)90048-0 Rubenstein, 1972, Clinical spectra of sick sinus syndrome, Circulation, 96, 5, 10.1161/01.CIR.46.1.5 Ferrer, 1973, The sick sinus syndrome, Circulation, 97, 635, 10.1161/01.CIR.47.3.635 Crossen, 1986, Assessment and management of sinus node dysfunction, Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis, 55, 43 Soebel, 1984, Hypotension and syncope, 928 Scherlag, 1969, Catheter technique for recording His bundle activity in man, Circulation, 38, 13, 10.1161/01.CIR.39.1.13 Dhingra, 1973, Normal conduction intervals and responses in 61 patients using His bundle recording and atrial pacing, Chest, 64, 55, 10.1378/chest.64.1.55 Rosen, 1972, His bundle electrogram, Circulation, 46, 831, 10.1161/01.CIR.46.4.831-a Damato, 1969, A study of heart block in man using His bundle recordings, Circulation, 39, 297, 10.1161/01.CIR.39.3.297 Strasberg, 1981, Natural history of chronic second degree AV nodal block, Circulation, 63, 1043, 10.1161/01.CIR.63.5.1043 Amat y Leon, 1976, The clinical spectrum of chronic His bundle block, Chest, 70, 747, 10.1378/chest.70.6.747 Dhingra, 1974, The significance of second degree atrioventricular block and bundle branch block, Circulation, 49, 638, 10.1161/01.CIR.49.4.638 Rosen, 1973, Chronic heart block in adults: Clinical and electrocardiographic correlations, Arch Intern Med, 131, 663, 10.1001/archinte.1973.00320110047006 1984, A report of the Joint American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Implantation: Guidelines for permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation, May 1984, J Am Coll Cardiol, 4, 434, 10.1016/S0735-1097(84)80236-3 Rosen, 1970, Site of heart block in acute myocardial infarction, Circulation, 42, 928, 10.1161/01.CIR.42.5.925 Codini, 1983, Conduction disturbances in acute myocardial infarction: The use of pacemaker therapy, Clin Prog Pacing Electrophysiol, 1, 142, 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1983.tb01605.x Rosenbaum, 1970 Schneider, 1980, New acquired right bundle branch block: The Framingham Study, Ann Intern Med, 92, 37, 10.7326/0003-4819-92-1-37 Schneider, 1979, New acquired left bundle branch block: The Framingham Study, Ann Intern Med, 90, 303, 10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-303 Dhingra, 1979, Incidence and site of atrioventricular block in patients with chronic bifascicular block, Circulation, 59, 238, 10.1161/01.CIR.59.2.238 Dhingra, 1981, Significance of HV interval in 517 patients with chronic bifascicular block, Circulation, 64, 1265, 10.1161/01.CIR.64.6.1265 Hindman, 1978, The clinical significance of bundle branch block complicating acute myocardial infarction: 2. Indications for temporary and permanent pacemaker insertion, Circulation, 58, 689, 10.1161/01.CIR.58.4.689