Ung thư tuyến tiền liệt: Xu hướng di truyền, các khiếm khuyết gen somatic và thụ thể androgen

Rodolfo Montironi1, Marina Scarpelli1, Antonio López Beltran2
1Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region (Ancona), School of Medicine, Torrette, Ancona, Italy
2Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain

Tóm tắt

Nhiều yếu tố góp phần vào sự phát triển của ung thư tuyến tiền liệt (PCa) và tiến triển của nó đến trạng thái độc lập với androgen. Ngoài vai trò dự kiến của androgen và các thụ thể của chúng trong việc thúc đẩy sự phát triển của PCa, đã phát hiện ra các đột biến ở một số lượng ngày càng tăng các vị trí và gen ung thư tuyến tiền liệt di truyền, chẳng hạn như RNASEL và MSR1, cho thấy rằng các khiếm khuyết trong các con đường chính liên quan đến phản ứng tổn thương DNA, apoptosis và miễn dịch bẩm sinh có thể đóng vai trò đặc biệt quan trọng trong sự khởi đầu của PCa. Nhiều đột biến somatic, sự thiếu hụt gen, sự khuếch đại gen, sự biến đổi nhiễm sắc thể, và những thay đổi trong methyl hóa DNA có thể được phát hiện trong các tế bào PCa tại thời điểm chẩn đoán. Việc xác định các biến đổi phân tử then chốt trong các tế bào liên quan đến các cơ chế phòng vệ chống tác nhân gây ung thư, bao gồm GSTP1, các con đường tín hiệu yếu tố tăng trưởng (như PTEN và p27) và androgen như những yếu tố quyết định quan trọng đến nét đặc trưng của PCa.

Từ khóa

#ung thư tuyến tiền liệt #đột biến somatic #sự nhạy cảm di truyền #thụ thể androgen #phản ứng tổn thương DNA #miễn dịch bẩm sinh

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