Carbonaceous aerosols and pollutants over Delhi urban environment: Temporal evolution, source apportionment and radiative forcing

Science of The Total Environment - Tập 521-522 - Trang 431-445 - 2015
D. S. Bisht1, U.C. Dumka2, Dimitris G. Kaskaoutis3, Atar Singh Pipal4, A. K. Srivastava1, Vijay Kumar Soni5, S. D. Attri5, M. Sateesh5, S. Tiwari1
1Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, New Delhi, India
2Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital, India#TAB#
3School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Tehsil Dadri, India
4Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
5India Meteorology Department, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India.

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Ancelet, 2013, Carbonaceous aerosols in a wood burning community in rural New Zealand, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 4, 245, 10.5094/APR.2013.026

Andreae, 2006, Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3131, 10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006

Awasthi, 2011, Study of size and mass distribution of particulate matter due to crop residue burning with seasonal variation in rural area of Punjab, India, J. Environ. Monit., 13, 1073, 10.1039/c1em10019j

Babu, 2002, Aerosol black carbon over a tropical coastal station in India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2098, 10.1029/2002GL015662

Badarinath, 2009, Variations in CO, O3 and black carbon aerosol mass concentrations associated with planetary boundary layer (PBL) over tropical urban environment in India, J. Atmos. Chem., 62, 73, 10.1007/s10874-009-9137-2

Bahadur, 2012, Solar absorption by elemental and brown carbon determined from spectral observations, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109, 17366, 10.1073/pnas.1205910109

Balasubramanian, 2003, Comprehensive characterization of PM2.5 aerosols in Singapore, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4523, 10.1029/2002JD002517

Beegum, 2009, Spatial distribution of aerosol black carbon over India during pre-monsoon season, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1071, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.042

Behera, 2010, Investigating the potential role of ammonia in ion chemistry of fine particulate matter formation for an urban environment, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 3569, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.017

Birch, 1986, Elemental carbon-based method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 25, 221, 10.1080/02786829608965393

Bisht, 2013, Assessment of air quality during 19th Common Wealth Games at Delhi, India, Nat. Hazards, 66, 141, 10.1007/s11069-012-0349-4

Bollasina, 2011, Anthropogenic aerosols and the weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon, Science, 334, 502, 10.1126/science.1204994

Bond, 2013, Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: a scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 5380, 10.1002/jgrd.50171

Cachier, 1996, African fire particulate emissions and atmospheric influence, Biomass Burning Glob. Chang., 1, 428

Cao, 2005, Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3127, 10.5194/acp-5-3127-2005

Cao, 2007, Spatial and Seasonal Distributions of Carbonaceous Aerosols over China, 112

Carrico, 2003, The importance of carbon and mineral dust to seasonal aerosol properties in the Nepal Himalaya, Atmos. Environ., 37, 2811, 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00197-3

Chow, 1996, Descriptive analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX, Atmos. Environ., 30, 2079, 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00402-5

Chung, 2012, Observationally constrained estimates of carbonaceous aerosol radiative forcing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109, 11624, 10.1073/pnas.1203707109

Cowan, 2011, The impact of Asian and non-Asian anthropogenic aerosols on 20th century Asian summer monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11703, 10.1029/2011GL047268

Das, 2011, Role of black carbon in aerosol properties and radiative forcing over western India during premonsoon period, Atmos. Res., 102, 320, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.08.003

Dey, 2008, Aerosol direct radiative effects over Kanpur in the Indo-Gangetic basin, northern India: long-term (2001–2005) observations and implications to regional climate, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D04212, 10.1029/2007JD009029

Draxler, 2014

Duan, 2007, Sources and Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in two largest cities in Pearl River Delta Region, China, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2895, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.017

Dumka, 2013, Temporal variability and radiative impact of black carbon aerosol over tropical urban station Hyderabad, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 105–106, 81, 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.003

Dumka, 2015, Seasonal inhomogeneity in cloud precursors over Gangetic Himalayan region during GVAX campaign, Atmos. Res., 155, 158, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.11.022

Feng, 2006, Characteristics of organic matter in PM2.5 in Shanghai, Chemosphere, 64, 1393, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.026

Feng, 2009, Characteristics of organic carbon in PM2.5 samples in Shanghai, China, Atmos. Res., 92, 434, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.01.003

Gadhavi, 2014, Evaluation of black carbon emission inventories using a Lagrangian dispersion model — a case study over Southern India, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 26903, 10.5194/acpd-14-26903-2014

Ganguly, 2006, Winter time aerosol properties during foggy and non foggy days over urban centre Delhi and their implication for shortwave radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 111

Ganguly, 2012, Climate response of the South Asian monsoon system to anthropogenic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D13209, 10.1029/2012JD017508

Gautam, 2011, Accumulation of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic plains and southern slopes of the Himalayas: distribution, properties and radiative effects during the 2009 pre-monsoon Season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12841, 10.5194/acp-11-12841-2011

Goto, 2011, Global aerosol model-derived black carbon concentration and single scattering albedo over Indian region and its comparison with ground observations, Atmos. Environ., 45, 3277, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.037

Guo, 2010, Size-resolved aerosol water-soluble ionic compositions in the summer of Beijing: implication of regional secondary formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 947, 10.5194/acp-10-947-2010

Han, 2008, Distribution and origin of carbonaceous aerosol over a rural high mountain lake area, Northern China and its transport significance, Atmos. Environ., 42, 2405, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.020

Hansen, 2005, Efficacy of climate forcings, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D18104, 10.1029/2005JD005776

He, 2001, The characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing. China, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4959, 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00301-6

Hess, 1998, Optical properties of aerosols and clouds: the software package OPAC, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 831, 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0831:OPOAAC>2.0.CO;2

Hidy, 1994

Huang, 2012, Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5: Pearl Delta River Region, China. Atmos. Res., 104–105, 227, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.10.016

Hyvärinen, 2009, Continuous measurements of optical properties of atmospheric aerosols in Mukteshwar, northern India, J. Geophys. Res., 114, 10.1029/2008JD011489

Hyvärinen, 2011, Effect of the summer monsoon on aerosols at two measurement stations in Northern India — part 1: PM and BC concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8271, 10.5194/acp-11-8271-2011

Kaskaoutis, 2014, Effects of crop residue burning on aerosol properties, plume characteristics and long-range transport over northern India, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 5424, 10.1002/2013JD021357

Kaspari, 2011, Recent increase in black carbon concentrations from a Mt. Everest ice core spanning 1860–2000 A D, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04703, 10.1029/2010GL046096

Kenny, 2000, Development of a sharp-cut cyclone for ambient aerosol monitoring applications, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 32, 338, 10.1080/027868200303669

Khan, 2010, Characterization of PM2.5, P M2.5–10, and PM>10 in ambient air, Yokohama, Japan, Atmos. Res., 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.12.009

Komppula, 2011, One year of Raman-lidar measurements in Gual Pahari EUCAARI site close to New Delhi in India: seasonal characteristics of the aerosol vertical structure, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4513, 10.5194/acp-12-4513-2012

Kopacz, 2010, Origin and radiative forcing of black carbon transported to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2837, 10.5194/acp-11-2837-2011

Kumar, 2011, Influences of the springtime northern Indian biomass burning over the central Himalayas, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D19302, 10.1029/2010JD015509

Lau, 2006, Asian summer monsoon anomalies induced by aerosol direct forcing: the role of the Tibetan Plateau, Clim. Dyn., 26, 855, 10.1007/s00382-006-0114-z

Lawrence, 2010, Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017, 10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010

Li, 2009, Characteristics of Organic and Elemental Carbon in Atmospheric Fine Particles in Tianjin, China, Particuology, 7, 432, 10.1016/j.partic.2009.06.010

Li, 2008, The PCDD/F and PBDD/F pollution in the ambient atmosphere of Shanghai, China, Chemosphere, 70, 576, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.001

Lin, 2002, Characterization of the major chemical species in PM2.5 in the Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Atmos. Environ., 36, 1911, 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00193-0

Lodhi, 2013, Aerosol climatology at Delhi in the Western Indo Gangetic Plain: microphysics, long-term trends and source strengths, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 10.1002/jgrd.50165

Lonati, 2007, Primary and secondary carbonaceous species in PM2.5 samples in Milan (Italy), Atmos. Environ., 41, 4599, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.046

Meehl, 2008, Effects of black carbon aerosols on the Indian monsoon, J. Clim., 21, 2869, 10.1175/2007JCLI1777.1

Menon, 2010, Black carbon aerosols and the third polar ice cap, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4559, 10.5194/acp-10-4559-2010

Mishra, 2012, Climatologically aspects of seasonal variation of aerosol vertical distribution over central Indo-Gangetic belt (IGB) inferred by the space-borne lidar CALIOP, Atmos. Environ., 46, 365, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.052

Pachauri, 2013, Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols with special reference to episodic events at Agra, India, Atmos. Res., 128, 98, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.03.010

Pan, 2014, A multi-model evaluation of aerosols over South Asia: common problems and possible causes, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 19095, 10.5194/acpd-14-19095-2014

Pandis, 1992, Secondary organic aerosol formation and transport, Atmos. Environ., 26A, 2269, 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90358-R

Park, 2011, Tracking sources and behaviours of water-soluble organic carbon in fine particulate matter measured at an urban site in Korea, Atmos. Environ., 45, 60, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.045

Pipal, 2014, Day and night variability of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during winter of 2011–12 in Agra, India, Sustain. Environ. Res., 24, 107

Pipal, 2014, Sources and characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols at Agra “World heritage site” and Delhi “capital city of India”, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21, 8678, 10.1007/s11356-014-2768-0

Presto, 2005, Secondary organic aerosol production from terpene ozonolysis. 1. Effect of UV radiation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 7036, 10.1021/es050174m

Presto, 2005, Secondary organic aerosol production from terpene ozonolysis. 2. Effect of NOx concentration, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 7046, 10.1021/es050400s

Ram, 2010, Spatio-temporal variability in atmospheric abundances of EC, OC and WSOC over Northern India, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 88, 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.11.004

Ram, 2011, Day-night variability of EC, OC, WSOC and inorganic ions in urban environment of Indo-Gangetic Plain: implications to secondary aerosol formation, Atmos. Environ., 45, 460, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.055

Ram, 2015, Atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols from Indo-Gangetic Plain and Central Himalaya: impact of anthropogenic sources, J. Environ. Manag., 148, 153, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.08.015

Ram, 2010, Long-term record of aerosol optical properties and chemical composition from a high-altitude site (Manora Peak) in Central Himalaya, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11791, 10.5194/acp-10-11791-2010

Ram, 2012, Temporal trends in atmospheric PM2.5, PM10, elemental carbon, organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, and optical properties: impact of biomass burning emissions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 686, 10.1021/es202857w

Ramanathan, 2008, Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon, Nat. Geosci., 1, 221, 10.1038/ngeo156

Ramanathan, 2005, Atmospheric brown clouds: impacts on south Asian climate and hydrological cycle, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 102, 5326, 10.1073/pnas.0500656102

Ramanathan, 2007, Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud solar absorption, Nature, 448, 575, 10.1038/nature06019

Randles, 2008, Absorbing aerosols over Asia: a geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory general circulation model sensitivity study of model response to aerosol optical depth and aerosol absorption, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D21203, 10.1029/2008JD010140

Rashki, 2012, Dust storms and their horizontal dust loading in the Sistan region, Iran, Aeolian Res., 5, 51, 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.12.001

Rastogi, 2014, Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 at a source region of biomass burning emissions: evidence for secondary aerosol formation, Environ. Pollut., 184, 563, 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.037

Rengarajan, 2007, Carbonaceous and inorganic species in atmospheric aerosols during wintertime over urban and high-altitude sites in North India, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D21307, 10.1029/2006JD008150

Rengarajan, 2011, Aerosol acidity and secondary organic aerosol formation du ring winter time over urban environment in western India, Atmos. Environ., 45, 1940, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.026

Ricchiazzi, 1998, SBDART: a research and teaching software tool for plane-parallel radiative transfer in the Earth's atmosphere, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 2101, 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2101:SARATS>2.0.CO;2

Saarikoski, 2008, Impact of biomass combustion on urban fine particulate matter in Central and Northern Europe, Water Air Soil Pollut., 191, 265, 10.1007/s11270-008-9623-1

Safai, 2014, Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols over the urban tropical location and a new approach to evaluate their climatic importance, Atmos. Environ., 92, 493, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.055

Satsangi, 2010, Carbonaceous aerosols at a suburban site in Indo-Gangetic plain, Indian J. Radio Space Phys., 39, 218

Satsangi, 2012, Organic and elemental carbon aerosols at a suburban site, Atmos. Res., 113, 13, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.012

Schauer, 2002, Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 5. C1–C32 organic compounds from gasoline-powered motor vehicles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1169, 10.1021/es0108077

See, 2006, A study of the physical, chemical, and optical properties of ambient aerosol particles in Southeast Asia during hazy and no hazy days, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10S08, 10.1029/2005JD006180

Seibert, 1994, Trajectory analysis of aerosol measurements at high alpine sites, 689

Seinfeld, 1998

Shaiganfar, 2011, Estimation of NOx emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10871, 10.5194/acp-11-10871-2011

Sharma, 2014, Spatial and temporal patterns of air pollutants in rural and urban areas of India, Environ. Pollut., 195, 276, 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.026

Sharma, 2010, Impact of agriculture crop residue burning on atmospheric aerosol loading — a study over Punjab State, India, Ann. Geophys., 28, 367, 10.5194/angeo-28-367-2010

Sharma, 2014, Variation of OC, EC, WSIC and trace metals of PM10 in Delhi, India, J Atmos Sol Terres Phys., 113, 10, 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.02.008

Singh, 2014, Crop residue burning: a threat to South Asian air quality, Eos, 95, 333, 10.1002/2014EO370001

Singh, 2010, Clear-sky direct aerosol radiative forcing variations over mega-city Delhi, Ann. Geophys., 28, 1157, 10.5194/angeo-28-1157-2010

Sinha, 2012, Contrasting aerosol characteristics and radiative forcing over Hyderabad, India due to seasonal meso-scale and synoptic scale processes, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 139, 434, 10.1002/qj.1963

So, 2007, Long-term variation of PM2.5 levels and composition at rural, urban and roadside sites in Hong Kong: increasing impact of regional air pollution, Atmos. Environ., 41, 9427, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.053

Srivastava, 2012, The mixing state of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic Plain and its impact on radiative forcing, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.

Srivastava, 2011, Pre-monsoon aerosol characteristics over the Indo-Gangetic Basin: implications to climatic impact, Ann. Geophys., 29, 789, 10.5194/angeo-29-789-2011

Srivastava, 2012, Contribution of anthropogenic aerosols in direct radiative forcing and atmospheric heating rate over Delhi in the Indo-Gangetic Basin, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 19, 1144, 10.1007/s11356-011-0633-y

Srivastava, 2014, Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols over Delhi in Ganga basin: seasonal variability and possible sources, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21, 8610, 10.1007/s11356-014-2660-y

Stone, 2010, Chemical characterization and source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter in Lahore, Pakistan, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1062, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.015

Tiwari, 2009, Black carbon and chemical characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 at an urban site of North India, Int. J. Atmos. Chem., 62, 3193

Tiwari, 2010, Black Carbon and Chemical characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 at an urban site of North India, Int. J. Atmos. Chem., 62, 193, 10.1007/s10874-010-9148-z

Tiwari, 2013, Assessment of carbonaceous aerosol over Delhi in the Indo-Gangetic Basin: characterization, sources and temporal variability, Nat. Hazards, 65, 1745, 10.1007/s11069-012-0449-1

Tiwari, 2013, Diurnal and seasonal variations of black carbon and PM2.5 over New Delhi, India: influence of meteorology, Atmos. Res., 125–126, 50, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.01.011

Tiwari, 2014, Determination of wood burning and fossil fuel contribution of black carbon at Delhi, India using aerosol light absorption technique, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 1–10

Tiwari, 2014, Variability in atmospheric particulates and meteorological effects on its mass concentrations over Delhi, India, Atmos. Res., 145–46, 45, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.03.027

Tiwari, 2014, Simultaneous measurements of black carbon and PM2.5, CO and NOx variability at a locally polluted urban location in India, Nat. Hazards

Tiwari, 2015, Aerosol optical properties and their relationship with meteorological parameters during wintertime in Delhi, India, Atmos. Res., 153, 465, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.10.003

Tripathi, 2005, Aerosol black carbon radiative forcing at an industrial city in northern India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08802

Turpin, 1995, Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantification of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS, Atmos. Environ., 23, 3527, 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00276-Q

Turpin, 2001, Species contributions to PM2.5 mass concentrations: revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 35, 602, 10.1080/02786820119445

Vadrevu, 2012, Vegetation fires in the Himalayan region — aerosol load, black carbon emissions and smoke plume heights, Atmos. Environ., 47, 241, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.009

Venkataraman, 2005, Residential biofuels in South Asia: carbonaceous aerosol emissions and climate impacts, Science, 307, 1454, 10.1126/science.1104359

Verma, 2013, Sources and radiative effects of wintertime black carbon aerosols in an urban atmosphere in east India, Chemosphere, 90, 260, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.063

Viidanoja, 2002, Organic and black carbon in PM2.5 and PM10: 1year of data from an urban site in Helsinki, Finland, Atmos. Environ., 36, 3183, 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00205-4

Watson, 2001, PM2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995, Chemosphere, 43, 1141, 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00171-5

Yang, 2005, The chemical composition of inorganic and carbonaceous materials in PM2.5 in Nanjing, China, Atmos. Environ., 39, 3735, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.010

Zhang, 2012, Atmospheric aerosol compositions in China: spatial/temporal variability, chemical signature, regional haze distribution and comparisons with global aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 779, 10.5194/acp-12-779-2012