Carbon Depletion by Plowing and its Restoration by No‐Till Cropping Systems in Oxisols of Subtropical and Tropical Agro‐Ecoregions in Brazil

Land Degradation and Development - Tập 26 Số 6 - Trang 531-543 - 2015
João Carlos de Moraes Sá1, Lucien Séguy2, Florent Tivet2, Rattan Lal3, Serge Bouzinac2, Paulo Rogério Borszowskei4, Cléver Briedis4, Josiane Bürkner dos Santos4, Daiani da Cruz Hartman5, Clayton Giani Bertoloni6, Jadir Aparecido Rosa7, Theodor Friedrich8
1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Campus de Uvaranas, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
2UPR SIA Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, CIRAD F‐34398 Montpellier France
3Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, OARDC/FAES, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
4Agronomy Graduate Program; State University of Ponta Grossa; Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Campus de Uvaranas 84030-900 Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
5Agronomy Undergraduate Program; State University of Ponta Grossa; Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Campus de Uvaranas 84030-900 Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
6Foundation of Rio Verde Rodovia MT 449 78455‐000 Lucas do Rio Verde, MT Brazil
7Agricultural Research Institute of Paraná (IAPAR) BR 376, Km 496 84001‐970 Ponta Grossa PR Brazil
8Food and Agriculture Organization; Plant Production and Protection Division (AGP); Room C-782 Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome Italy

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe continuous use of plowing for grain production has been the principal cause of soil degradation. This project was formulated on the hypothesis that the intensification of cropping systems by increasing biomass‐C input and its biodiversity under no‐till (NT) drives soil restoration of degraded agro‐ecosystem. The present study conducted at subtropical [Ponta Grossa (PG) site] and tropical regions [Lucas do Rio Verde, MT (LRV) site] in Brazil aimed to (i) assess the impact of the continuous plow‐based conventional tillage (CT) on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock vis‐à‐vis native vegetation (NV) as baseline; (ii) compare SOC balance among CT, NT cropping systems, and NV; and (iii) evaluate the redistribution of SOC stock in soil profile in relation to soil resilience. The continuous CT decreased the SOC stock by 0·58 and 0·67 Mg C ha−1 y−1 in the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth at the PG and LRV sites, respectively, and the rate of SOC sequestration was 0·59 for the PG site and ranged from 0·48 to 1·30 Mg C ha−1 y−1 for the LRV site. The fraction of C input by crop residues converted into SOC stock was ~14·2% at the PG site and ~20·5% at the LRV site. The SOC resilience index ranged from 0·29 to 0·79, and it increased with the increase in the C input among the NT systems and the SOC sequestration rates at the LRV site. These data support the hypothesis that NT cropping systems with high C input have a large potential to reverse the process of soil degradation and SOC decline. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Land Degradation and Development

Tập 26 Số 6

531-543

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