Thống kê ung thư cho người gốc Á, người Hawaii bản địa và người đảo Thái Bình Dương, 2016: Tỷ lệ xuất hiện đang hội tụ ở nam và nữ
Tóm tắt
Ung thư là nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tử vong trong số người gốc Á, người Hawaii bản địa và người đảo Thái Bình Dương (AANHPI). Trong báo cáo này, Hiệp hội Ung thư Hoa Kỳ trình bày dữ liệu về tỷ lệ mắc ung thư AANHPI từ Viện Ung thư Quốc gia, Trung tâm Kiểm soát và Phòng ngừa Dịch bệnh, và Hiệp hội Đăng ký Ung thư Trung Bắc Mỹ, cùng với dữ liệu về tỷ lệ tử vong từ Trung tâm Thống kê Y tế Quốc gia. Trong năm 2016, ước tính sẽ có 57,740 ca ung thư mới và 16,910 ca tử vong do ung thư ở AANHPI. Mặc dù AANHPI có tỷ lệ mắc và tỷ lệ tử vong thấp hơn từ 30% đến 40% so với người da trắng không gốc Tây Ban Nha cho tất cả các loại ung thư, nhưng nguy cơ mắc ung thư dạ dày và gan lại gấp đôi. Tỷ lệ mắc ung thư nam so với nữ trong AANHPI đã giảm từ 1.43 (khoảng tin cậy 95%, 1.36-1.49) vào năm 1992 xuống 1.04 (khoảng tin cậy 95%, 1.01-1.07) vào năm 2012 do tỷ lệ ung thư tuyến tiền liệt và phổi ở nam giới giảm và tỷ lệ ung thư vú ở nữ giới tăng. Độ đa dạng trong cộng đồng AANHPI được thể hiện qua nguy cơ ung thư khác nhau theo từng nhóm. Ví dụ, tỷ lệ mắc ung thư tổng thể ở nam giới Samoa (526.5 trên 100,000) gấp hơn hai lần tỷ lệ ở nam giới Ấn Độ/ Pakistan (216.8). Sự khác biệt về tỷ lệ ung thư ở AANHPI liên quan đến khác biệt về các yếu tố nguy cơ hành vi, việc sử dụng dịch vụ sàng lọc và phòng ngừa, cũng như sự tiếp xúc với các loại nhiễm trùng gây ung thư. Các chiến lược kiểm soát ung thư bao gồm cải thiện việc sử dụng vắc xin và chương trình sàng lọc; các can thiệp nhằm tăng cường hoạt động thể chất và giảm trọng lượng cơ thể dư thừa, sử dụng thuốc lá, và tiêu thụ rượu; và nghiên cứu ở mức độ nhóm về gánh nặng và các yếu tố nguy cơ.
Từ khóa
#ung thư #AANHPI #tỷ lệ mắc bệnh #thống kê ung thư #chiến lược kiểm soát ung thưTài liệu tham khảo
Colby SL, 2014, Projections of the Size and Composition of the US Population: 2014 to 2060, Current Population Reports, P25‐1143
Hoeffel EM, 2012, The Asian Population: 2010. 2010 Census Briefs: US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration
BrownA.US Hispanic and Asian populations growing but for different reasons.pewresearch.org/fact‐tank/2014/06/26/u‐s‐hispanic‐and‐asian‐populations‐growing‐but‐for‐different‐reasons/. Accessed September 15 2015.
Hixson L, 2012, The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010. 2010 Census Briefs: US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration
Kagawa‐Singer M, 2015, Health Promotion in Multicultural Populations, 292
Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.Number of Persons by Race and Hispanic Ethnicity for SEER Participants (2010 Census Data).seer.cancer.gov/registries/data.html. Accessed September 10 2015.
Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.SEER*Stat Database: Incidence‐SEER 11 plus Greater CA and NJ Nov 2012 Sub (1990–2010) detailed API plus White Non‐Hispanic‐pops projected from populations. Bethesda MD: National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences Surveillance Research Program Cancer Statistics Branch;2013.
Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.SEER*Stat Database: Incidence‐SEER 13 Regs Research Data with Delay‐Adjustment Malignant Only Nov 2014 Sub (1992–2012) <Katrina/Rita Population Adjustment>‐Linked To County Attributes‐Total US 1969–2013 Counties. Bethesda MD: National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences Surveillance Research Program Surveillance Systems Branch;2015.
Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.SEER*Stat Database: Incidence‐SEER 18 Regs Research Data + Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases Nov 2014 Sub (1973–2012 varying)‐Linked to County Attributes‐Total US 1969–2013 Counties. Bethesda MD: National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences Surveillance Research Program Surveillance Systems Branch;2015.
Arias E, 2014, United States life tables, 2010, Natl Vital Stat Rep., 63, 1
Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.SEER*Stat Database: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) Incidence‐CiNA Analytic File 1995–2012 for NHIAv2 Origin and for Expanded Races Custom File with County ACS Facts & Figures Projection Project NAACCR. Bethesda MD: National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences Surveillance Research Program Cancer Statistics Branch;2015.
Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.SEER*Stat Database: Mortality‐All COD Aggregated With State Total US (1990–2012) <Katrina/Rita Population Adjustment>. Bethesda MD: National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences Surveillance Research Program Surveillance Systems Branch;2015. Underlying mortality data provided by the National Center for Health Statistics (cdc.gov/nchs).
Fritz A, 2000, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology
Percy C, 1990, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology
World Health Organization, 1990, Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases Injuries and Causes of Death
World Health Organization, 1975, Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases Injuries and Causes of Death
National Center for Health Statistics, 2015, National Health Interview Survey Public Use Data File 2014
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm. Accessed September 11 2015.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National Immunization Survey: datasets and related documentation for the National Immunization Survey‐Teen 2008–2014.cdc.gov/nchs/nis/data_files_teen.htm. Accessed September 11 2015.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.Underlying Cause of Death 1999–2013 on CDC WONDER Online Database released 2015. Multiple Cause of Death Files 1999–2013 as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program.wonder.cdc.gov/ucd‐icd10.html. Accessed October 27 2015.
Ferlay J, 2012, GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0. Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [internet]
Howlader N, 2014, SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2012
Caraballo RS, 2008, Adult tobacco use among racial and ethnic groups living in the United States, 2002–2005 [serial online], Prev Chronic Dis., 5, A78
Lam WK, 2004, Lung cancer epidemiology and risk factors in Asia and Africa, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis., 8, 1045
Huang V, 2013, Cancer mortality among Asians and Pacific Islanders in New York City, 2001–2010 [serial online], J Cancer Epidemiol., 2013, 986408, 10.1155/2013/986408
Haddock RL, 2006, Ethnic disparities in cancer mortality among residents of Guam, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev., 7, 411
Cockburn M, 2009, Cancer in Los Angeles County: Trends by Race/Ethnicity, 1976–2006
US Census Bureau.2011–2013 3‐Year American Community Survey.census.gov/programs‐surveys/acs/. Accessed September 1 2015.
Palmer PH, 2015, Health Promotion in Multicultural Populations, 333
National Center for Health Statistics, 2015, National Health Interview Survey Public Use Data File, 2013 and 2014
NguyenDH SalvailFR.The Hawaii Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: 2014 Results.health.hawaii.gov/brfss/files/2015/08/HBRFSS_2014_results.pdf. Accessed September 22 2015.
National Center for Health Statistics, 2015, Health, United States, 2014: With Special Feature on Adults Aged 55–64
Maslin Nir S, 2012, For many Asian New Yorkers, smoking is still a way of life, New York Times., A19
Kuiper N, 2015, A national Asian‐language smokers' quitline—United States, 2012–2014 [serial online], Prev Chronic Dis., 12, E99, 10.5888/pcd12.140584
World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) International.Cancers linked with greater body fatness.wcrf.org/int/cancer‐facts‐figures/link‐between‐lifestyle‐cancer‐risk/cancers‐linked‐greater‐body‐fatness. Accessed November 5 2015.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.A review of human carcinogens. Part E: personal habits and indoor combustions. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol 100. Lyon France: IARC;2012.
Manuel JK, 2015, Adapting screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for alcohol and drugs to culturally diverse clinical populations, J Addict Med., 9, 343, 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000150
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Viral hepatitis—CDC recommendations for specific populations: Asian & Pacific Islanders.cdc.gov/hepatitis/populations/api.htm. Accessed August 10 2015.
US Preventive Services Task Force.Final recommendation statement: hepatitis B nonpregnant adolescents and adults: screening May 2014.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/hepatitis‐b‐virus‐infection‐screening‐2014. Accessed August 10 2015.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).CDC recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945–1965.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HCV/1945-1965.htm. Accessed September 25 2014.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2012, Human papillomavirus‐associated cancers—United States, 2004–2008, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 61, 258
Hou SI, 2011, Closing the disparity gap: cancer screening interventions among Asians—a systematic literature review, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev., 12, 3133
National Center for Health Statistics, 2014, National Health Interview Survey Public Use Data File 2013
Ho R, 2010, Addressing the excess breast cancer mortality in Filipino women in Hawai'i through AANCART, an NCI community network program, Hawaii Med J., 69, 164
UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. AskCHIS: 2009 California Health Interview Survey.ask.chis.ucla.edu. Accessed October 22 2015.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/nhpi.html. Accessed October 13 2015.