Cancer metastasis: A product of tumor-host interactions

Agostino, 1965, Trauma as a cause of localization of blood-borne metastases: preventive effect of heparin and fibrinolysin, Ann. Surg., 161, 97, 10.1097/00000658-196501000-00016 Alexander, 1964, Susceptibility of injured tissues to hematogenous metastases: an experimental study, Ann. Surg., 159, 933, 10.1097/00000658-196406000-00010 Alexander, 1971, Endotoxin and double-stranded RNA render macrophages cytotoxic, Nature, 232, 76 Arons, 1961, Significance of cancer cells in operative wounds, Cancer, 14, 1041, 10.1002/1097-0142(196109/10)14:5<1041::AID-CNCR2820140519>3.0.CO;2-V Balch, C. M.: Recent Advances in Human Cellular Immunobiology, in Simmons, R. L. (ed.): Surgical Aspects of Immunology (Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., in press). Baserga, 1960, The dose-response relationship between the number of embolic tumor cells and the incidence of blood-borne metastases, Br. J. Cancer, 24, 173, 10.1038/bjc.1960.21 Beaven, 1978, Variable content of histaminase, l-dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small-cell carcinoma of the lung, N. Eng. J. Med., 299, 105, 10.1056/NEJM197807202990301 Bennet, 1964, The phagocytosis of tumor cells in vitro, Transplantation, 2, 183, 10.1097/00007890-196403000-00003 Bichel, 1975, Employment of synchronized cells and flow microfluorometry in investigations on the JB-1 tumour chalones, Virchows Arch., 19, 127 Birbeck, 1972, Observations on the ultrastructure of two hamster lymphomas with particular reference to infiltrating macrophages, Int. J. Cancer, 9, 249, 10.1002/ijc.2910090202 Bosemann, 1973, Biochemical parameters correlated with tumour cell implantation, Nature, 246, 487, 10.1038/246487a0 Brown, 1973, A study of the mechanism by which anticoagulation with warfarin inhibits blood-borne metastases, Cancer Res., 33, 1217 Buck, 1973, Walker 256 tumor implantation in normal and injured peritoneum studied by electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and autoradiography, Cancer Res., 33, 3181 Butler, 1975, Bulk transfer of fluid in the interstitial compartment of mammary tumors, Cancer Res., 35, 3084 Butler, 1975, Quantitation of cell shedding into efferent blood of mammary adenocarcinoma, Cancer Res., 35, 512 Cady, 1976, Changing clinical, pathologic, therapeutic, and survival patterns in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, Ann. Surg., 184, 541, 10.1097/00000658-197611000-00003 Capron, 1972, Influence du parasitisme à dipetalonema viteae et à schistosoma mansoni sur la croissance de tumeurs experimentales, C. R. Acad. Sci. D., 275, 719 Carr, 1976, The fine structure of neoplastic invasion: invasion of liver, skeletal muscle and lymphatic vessels by the Rd/3 tumour, J. Pathol., 118, 91, 10.1002/path.1711180205 1976, 319 Coman, 1944, Decreased mutual adhesiveness, a property of cells from squamous cell carcinomas, Cancer Res., 4, 625 Coman, 1953, Mechanisms responsible for the origin and distribution of blood-borne tumor metastases—a review, Cancer Res., 13, 397 crile, 1906, Excision of cancer of the head and neck with special reference to plan of dissection based on 132 operations, J.A.M.A., 57, 1780, 10.1001/jama.1906.25210220006001a Currie, 1974, Spontaneous shedding of TSTA by viable sarcoma cells: its possible role in facilitating metastatic spread, Br. J. Cancer, 29, 72, 10.1038/bjc.1974.9 Derhagopian, 1978, Inflammatory oncotaxis, J.A.M.A., 240, 374, 10.1001/jama.240.4.374 De Ridder, 1975, Adhesion of malignant and non-malignant cells to cultured embryonic substrates, Cancer Res., 35, 3167 Dewys, 1972, Studies correlating the growth rate of a tumor and its metastases and providing evidence for tumor-related systemic growth-retarding factors, Cancer Res., 32, 374 Dingemans, 1974, Invasion of liver tissue by blood-borne mammary carcinoma cells, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 53, 1813, 10.1093/jnci/53.6.1813 Dresden, 1972, Collagenolytic enzymes in human neoplasms, Cancer Res., 32, 993 Eccles, 1974, Macrophage content of tumors in relation to metastatic spread and host immune reaction, Nature, 250, 667, 10.1038/250667a0 Eccles, 1975, Immunologically mediated restraint of latent tumour metastases, Nature, 257, 52, 10.1038/257052a0 Eccles, 1974, Sequestration of macrophages in growing tumors and its effects on the immunological capacity of the host, Br. J. Cancer, 30, 42, 10.1038/bjc.1974.111 Evans, 1976, Tumor macrophages in host immunity to malignancies Felix, 1976, Different distribution pattern of 100-A filaments in resting and locomotive leukemia cells, Nature, 261, 604, 10.1038/261604a0 Fidler, 1973, The relationship of embolic homogeneity, number, size and viability to the incidence of experimental metastasis, Eur. J. Cancer, 9, 223, 10.1016/S0014-2964(73)80022-2 Fidler, 1974, Immune stimulation-inhibition of experimental cancer metastasis, Cancer Res., 34, 491 Fidler, 1974, Inhibition of pulmonary metastasis by intravenous injection of specifically activated macrophages, Cancer Res., 34, 1074 Fidler, 1975, Biological behavior of malignant melanoma cells correlated to their survival in vivo, Cancer Res., 35, 218 Fidler, 1977, Metastasis resulting from preexisting variant cells within a malignant tumor, Science, 197, 893, 10.1126/science.887927 Fidler, 1970, Metastasis: quantitative analysis of distribution and fate of tumor emboli labeled with 125I-5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 45, 775 Fidler, 1977, Fate of recirculating B16 melanoma metastatic variant cells in parabiotic syngeneic recipients, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 58, 1867, 10.1093/jnci/58.6.1867 Fisher, 1967, Barrier function of lymph node to tumor cells and erythrocytes, Cancer, 20, 1907, 10.1002/1097-0142(196711)20:11<1907::AID-CNCR2820201117>3.0.CO;2-L Fisher, 1959, Experimental evidence in support of the dormant tumor cell, Science, 130, 918, 10.1126/science.130.3380.918 Fisher, 1969, Cancer of the breast: size of neoplasm and prognosis, Cancer, 24, 1071, 10.1002/1097-0142(196911)24:5<1071::AID-CNCR2820240533>3.0.CO;2-H Fisher, 1977, Comparison of radical mastectomy with alternative treatments for primary breast cancer, a first report of results from a prospective randomized clinical trial, Cancer, 39, 2827, 10.1002/1097-0142(197706)39:6<2827::AID-CNCR2820390671>3.0.CO;2-I Fisher, 1975, Ten-year follow-up results of patients with carcinoma of the breast in a co-operative clinical trial evaluating surgical adjuvant chemotherapy, Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 140, 528 Folkman, 1974, Tumor angiogenesis, Adv. Cancer Res., 19, 331, 10.1016/S0065-230X(08)60058-5 Foss, 1966, Invasion of tumor cells into the bloodstream caused by palpation or biopsy of the tumor, Surgery, 59, 691 Frazell, 1955, Papillary thyroid carcinoma: pathological findings in cases with and without clinical evidence of node involvement, Cancer, 8, 1164, 10.1002/1097-0142(1955)8:6<1164::AID-CNCR2820080612>3.0.CO;2-U Gasic, 1972, Antimetastatic effect of aspirin, Lancet, 2, 932, 10.1016/S0140-6736(72)92581-0 Gasic, 1973, Platelet-tumor cell interaction in mice. The role of platelets in the spread of malignant disease, Int. J. Cancer, 11, 704, 10.1002/ijc.2910110322 Gastpar, 1977, Platelet-cancer cell interaction in metastasis formation: a possible therapeutic approach to metastasis prophylaxis, J. Med., 8, 103 Gerson, 1977, Isolation and characterization of a neuroblastoma cell line from peripheral blood in a patient with disseminated disease, Cancer, 39, 2508, 10.1002/1097-0142(197706)39:6<2508::AID-CNCR2820390630>3.0.CO;2-X Ghaffar, 1974, Anti-tumor effect in vitro of lymphocytes and macrophages from mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum, Br. J. Cancer, 29, 199, 10.1038/bjc.1974.59 Gimbrone, 1972, Tumor dormancy in vivo by prevention of neovascularization, J. Exp. Med., 136, 261, 10.1084/jem.136.2.261 Glaves, 1977, Early Arrest of Circulating Tumor Cells in Tumor-Bearing Mice, 175 Glaves, 1975, Effect of host sensitization on patterns of metastasis, Transplant. Proc., 7, 253 Glucksmann, 1948, The relation of radiosensitivity and radiocurability to the histology of tumor tissue, Br. J. Radiol., 21, 559, 10.1259/0007-1285-21-251-559 Goldacre, 1962, On the access of blood-borne dyes to various tumor regions, Br. J. Cancer, 16, 306, 10.1038/bjc.1962.36 Goldman, 1906, Relation of cancer cells to blood vessels and ducts, Lancet, 1, 23 Goldman, 1974, Immune surveillance and tumor dissemination: in vitro comparison of the B16 melanoma in primary and metastatic form, Surgery, 76, 50 Golinger, 1977, Tumor cells in venous blood draining mammary carcinomas, Arch. Surg., 112, 707, 10.1001/archsurg.1977.01370060039005 Gray, 1938, The relation of lymphatic vessels to the spread of cancer, Br. J. Surg., 26, 46 Greene, 1964, The relationship between the dissemination of tumor cells and the distribution of metastases, Cancer Res., 24, 799 Griffiths, 1973, Carcinoma of the colon and rectum: circulating malignant cells and 5-year survival, Cancer, 31, 226, 10.1002/1097-0142(197301)31:1<226::AID-CNCR2820310130>3.0.CO;2-M Grinnell, 1964, The chance of cancer and lymphatic metastasis in small colon tumors discovered on X-ray examination, Ann. Surg., 139, 132, 10.1097/00000658-196401000-00023 Gullino, 1977, In vivo release of neoplastic cells by mammary tumors, Gan, 20, 49 Haagensen, 1971, 401 Hagmar, 1977, Tumor cell locomotion—a factor in metastasis formation? Influence of cytochalasin B on a tumor dissemination pattern, Int. J. Cancer, 19, 576, 10.1002/ijc.2910190419 Halstead, 1894, The results of operations for the cure of cancer of the breast performed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from June 1889 to January 1894, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep., 4, 297 Handley, 1907, The Hunterian lectures on the pathology of melanotic growths in relation to their operative treatment, Lancet, 1, 927 Handley, 1906 Hersey, 1973, Macrophage-dependent protection of tumor cells, Immunology, 24, 385 Hewitt, 1975, Quantitative studies of translymphoidal passage of tumour cells naturally disseminated from a nonimmunogenic murine squamous carcinoma, Br. J. Cancer, 31, 25, 10.1038/bjc.1975.4 Hibbs, 1976, The Macrophage as a Tumoricidal Effector Cell: a Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies on the Mechanism of the Activated Macrophage Nonspecific Cytotoxic Reaction, 83 Hilgard, 1976, Perspective in cancer research: anticoagulants in the treatment of cancer, Eur. J. Cancer, 12, 755, 10.1016/0014-2964(76)90088-8 Jagelman, 1974, Inhibition of experimental metastases by defibrination, Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl., 54, 271 James, 1974, Facilitation of metastasis by antithymocyte globulin, Cancer Res., 34, 367 James, 1974, Effect of (±)-1, 2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)-propane on tumor blood vessels and its relationship to the antimetastatic effect in the Lewis lung carcinoma, Cancer Res., 34, 839 Keller, 1974, Mechanism by which activated normal macrophages destroy syngeneic rat tumor cells in vitro. Cytokinetics, non-involvement of T lymphocytes, and effect of metabolic inhibitors, Immunology, 27, 285 Keller, 1971, Tumor growth in nematode-infected animals, Lancet, 1, 678, 10.1016/S0140-6736(71)92683-3 Ketcham, 1971, Clotting factors and metastasis formation, Am. J. Roentgenol., 111, 42, 10.2214/ajr.111.1.42 Ketcham, 1961, The development of spontaneous metastases after the removal of a primary tumor, Cancer, 14, 875, 10.1002/1097-0142(199007/08)14:4<875::AID-CNCR2820140425>3.0.CO;2-6 Kim, 1970, Metastasizing mammary carcinomas in rats: Induction and study of their immunogenicity, Science, 167, 72, 10.1126/science.167.3914.72 Kiricuta, 1965, Relations between tumor and metastasis. Aspects of the Crabtree effect, Cancer, 18, 978, 10.1002/1097-0142(196508)18:8<978::AID-CNCR2820180809>3.0.CO;2-S Kleinerman, 1977, Release of Tumor Cells, 135 Kobayashi, 1973, Specific antigenicity of tumors and immunological tolerance in the rat induced by Friend, Gross, and Rauscher viruses, Cancer Res., 33, 1598 Kodama, 1977, Pathology of immunologic regression of tumor metastases in the lymph nodes, Gan, 20, 83 Kojima, 1964, On the role of stickness of tumor cells in the formation of metastases, Cancer Res., 24, 1887 Kripke, 1978, Heterogeneity of metastatic potential in cells from a murine UV-induced fibrosarcoma, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 19, 213 Langenbeck, 1841, On the development of cancer in the veins, and the transmission of cancer from man to the lower animals, Edinburgh Med. Surg. J., 55, 251 Lespinats, 1977, Cytostatic effect of spleen cells of tumor-bearing mice on syngeneic tumor cells, Cancer Res., 37, 1727 Levin, 1913, The mechanisms of metastasis formation in experimental cancer, J. Exp. Med., 18, 397, 10.1084/jem.18.4.397 Lindberg, 1972, Distribution of cervical lymph node metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts, Cancer, 29, 1146, 10.1002/1097-0142(197206)29:6<1446::AID-CNCR2820290604>3.0.CO;2-C Liotta, 1974, Quantitative relationships of intravascular tumor cells, tumor vessels, and pulmonary metastases following tumor implantation, Cancer Res., 34, 997 Ludwig, 1967, Experimental tumor cell emboli in lymph nodes, Arch. Pathol., 84, 304 Lunscken, 1975, Penetration of an ascitic reticulum cell sarcoma of the golden hamster into the body wall and through the diaphragm, Virchow's Arch., 17, 247 Madden, 1968, Translymphonodal pasaage of tumor cells, Oncology, 22, 281, 10.1159/000224460 Maguire, 1976, Brief communication: invasion and metastasis of a xenogeneic tumor in nude mice, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 57, 439, 10.1093/jnci/57.2.439 Majno, 1969, Endothelial contraction induced by histamine-type mediators, J. Cell Biol., 42, 646, 10.1083/jcb.42.3.647 Mansell, 1976, The In Vivo Destruction of Human Tumor by Glucan-Activated Macrophages, 227 Mantovani, 1977, Non-specific cytotoxicity of spleen cells in mice bearing transplanted chemically induced fibrosarcomas, Br. J. Cancer, 36, 35, 10.1038/bjc.1977.151 Meltzer, 1976, Peritoneal Macrophages from BCG-Infected Mice: Tumor Cytotoxicity and Chemotactic Responses In Vitro, 211 Milas, 1974, Corynebacterium granulosum-induced protection against artificial pulmonary metastases of a syngeneic fibrosarcoma in mice, Cancer Res., 34, 613 Miles, 1908, Abdominoperineal operation, Cancer, 2, 1812 Nakamura, 1977, Electron-microscopic Studies on Extravasation or Tumor Cells and Early Foci of Hematogenous Metastases, 57 Nicholson, 1976, An Approach to Studying the Cellular Properties Associated with Metastases: Some In Vitro Properties of Tumor Variants Selected In Vivo for Enhanced Metastasis, 291 Nicholson, 1977, Organ Specificity of Malignant B16 Melanomas: In Vivo Selection for Organ Preference of Blood-borne Metastasis, 15 Nicholson, 1975, Organ specificity of blood-borne tumour metastasis determined by cell adhesion, Nature, 255, 230, 10.1038/255230a0 Noble, 1975, A classification of transplantable tumors in Nb rats controlled by estrogen from dormancy to autonomy, Cancer Res., 35, 2935 Noguchi, 1970, Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. II. Value of prophylactic lymph node dissection, Cancer, 26, 1061, 10.1002/1097-0142(197011)26:5<1061::AID-CNCR2820260514>3.0.CO;2-Z Nowell, 1976, The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations, Science, 194, 23, 10.1126/science.959840 Onuigbo, 1970, A history of hematogenous metastasis, Cancer Res., 30, 2821 Onuigbo, 1963, A history of the cell theory of cancer metastasis, Gesnerus, 20, 90, 10.1163/22977953-0200102005 Paget, 1889, The distribution of secondary growths in cancer of the breast, Lancet, 1, 571, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)49915-0 Paget, 1863, 580 Parks, 1975, Increased tumor metastasis after in vitro alteration of the cell surface, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 54, 1473, 10.1093/jnci/54.6.1473 Pilgrim, 1971, The metastatic behavior of a splenotropic reticulum cell sarcoma in splenectomized mice, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 138, 178, 10.3181/00379727-138-35856 Poste, 1977, The Cell Surface and Metastasis, 19 Potter, 1962, Differential pulmonary microcirculatory response to tumor cell emboli as observed in vivo, J. Cancer Res., 22, 1202 Prehn, 1977, Immunostimulation of the lymphodependent phase of neoplastic growth, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 59, 1043, 10.1093/jnci/59.4.1043 Pringle, 1908, A method of operation in cases of melanotic tumors of the skin, Edinburgh Med. J., 23, 496 Proctor, 1974, A preliminary investigation into the role of immunity in modifying the blood-borne spread of chemically induced rat sarcomas, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 53, 1671 Proctor, 1976, Rat sarcoma model supports both “soil seed” and “mechanical” theories of metastatic spread, Br. J. Cancer, 34, 651, 10.1038/bjc.1976.227 Purdom, 1958, A correlation between electrical surface charge and some biological characteristics during the stepwise progression of a mouse sarcoma, Nature, 181, 1586, 10.1038/1811586a0 Rabotti, 1959, Ploidy of primary and metastatic human tumors, Nature, 183, 1276, 10.1038/1831276b0 Revesz, 1959, Development of tumors from inocula containing a mixed population tion of viable and lethally damaged tumor cells, Acta Un. Int. Cancer, 15, 893 Rosen, 1977, Estrogen receptor protein (ERP) in multiple tumor specimens from individual patients with breast cancer, Cancer, 39, 2194, 10.1002/1097-0142(197705)39:5<2194::AID-CNCR2820390537>3.0.CO;2-Y Salsbury, 1975, The significance of the circulating cancer cell, Cancer Treat. Rev., 2, 55, 10.1016/S0305-7372(75)80015-6 Sato, 1966, Radioautography of in vitro labeled tumor cells in postoperative wound drainage, Cancer, 19, 735, 10.1002/1097-0142(196605)19:5<735::AID-CNCR2820190520>3.0.CO;2-C Sappey, 1874 Sato, 1972, Experimental Studies on Metastasis Formation, with Special Reference to the Mechanism of Cancer Cell Lodgement in the Microcirculation, 168 Sato, 1976, Deformability and Viability of Tumor Cells by Transcapillary Passage with Reference to Organ Affinity of Metastasis in Cancer, 311 Sato, 1977, Deformability and filtrability of tumor cells through “nucleopore” filter, with reference to viability and metastatic spread, 53 Schabel, 1975, Concepts for systemic treatment of micrometastases, Cancer, 35, 15, 10.1002/1097-0142(197501)35:1<15::AID-CNCR2820350104>3.0.CO;2-W Schatten, 1958, An experimental study of postoperative tumor metastases, Cancer, 11, 455, 10.1002/1097-0142(195805/06)11:3<455::AID-CNCR2820110303>3.0.CO;2-3 Schour, 1974, Preferential splenic metastases in parabiotic animals, J. Surg. Oncol., 6, 109, 10.1002/jso.2930060204 Shah, 1976, Carcinoma of the oral cavity. Factors affecting treatment failure at the primary site and neck, Am. J. Surg., 132, 504, 10.1016/0002-9610(76)90328-7 Shimamoto, 1974, Contraction of endothelial cells in thrombogenesis, Thromb. Haemostas., 60, 5 Simpson-Herren, 1973, Further studies of the population kinetics of primary and metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma in BDF mice, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 14, 27 Simpson-Herren, 1977, Kinetics of Metastases in Experimental Tumors, 117 Sindelar, 1975, Electron microscopic observations on formation of pulmonary metastases, J. Surg. Res., 18, 137, 10.1016/0022-4804(75)90010-4 Sinha, 1974, The effect of trypsin and neuraminidase on the circulation of organ distribution of tumor cells, Cancer, 34, 1956, 10.1002/1097-0142(197412)34:6<1956::AID-CNCR2820340614>3.0.CO;2-G Southam, 1961, Quantitative studies of autotransplantation of human cancer, Cancer, 14, 971, 10.1002/1097-0142(196109/10)14:5<971::AID-CNCR2820140510>3.0.CO;2-O Spratt, 1967, Cancer of the Breast, vol. 5, 63 Spratt, 1967, Prevalence and prognosis of individual clinical and pathologic variables associated with colorectal carcinoma, Cancer, 20, 1976, 10.1002/1097-0142(196711)20:11<1976::AID-CNCR2820201125>3.0.CO;2-M Spratt, 1976, The prognostic value of measuring the gross linear radial growth of pulmonary metastases and primary pulmonary cancers, J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 71, 274, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)40242-0 Steel, 1972, The cell cycle in tumours: an examination of data gained by the technique of labelled mitoses, Cell Tissue Kinet., 5, 87 Strauli, 1977, Cell locomotion and tumor penetration, 5, 1 Strauli, 1970, The Barrier Function of Lymph Nodes, 161 Sugarbaker, 1970, Facilitated metastatic distribution of the Walker 256 tumor and Sprague-Dawley rats with hydrocortisone and/or cyclophosphamide, J. Surg. Oncol., 2, 227, 10.1002/jso.2930020312 Sugarbaker, 1978, An enzymatic analysis of the systemic and intratumoral macrophage response to a growing antigenic murine sarcoma, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 19, 149 Sugarbaker, 1971, Studies of dormant tumor cells, Cancer, 28, 545, 10.1002/1097-0142(197109)28:3<545::AID-CNCR2820280303>3.0.CO;2-O Sugarbaker, E. V., Thornthwaite, J. T., Ketcham, A. S., and Temple, W.: Flow Cytometry: Description of a New Technique with Clinical and Experimental Applications, in Murphy, G. (ed.): International Advances in Surgical Oncology (New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc., in press). Sugarbaker, 1977, Inhibitory Effect of a Primary Tumor on Metastasis, 227 Sugarbaker, 1977, Mechanisms and prevention of cancer dissemination: an overview, 4, 19 Sugarbaker, 1971, Do metastases metastasize?, Ann. Surg., 174, 161, 10.1097/00000658-197108000-00001 Sugarbaker, 1972, Altered antigenicity in spontaneous pulmonary metastases from an antigenic murine sarcoma, Surgery, 72, 155 Sugarbaker, 1976, Melanoma of the trunk: the results of surgical excision and anatomic guidelines for predicting nodal metastasis, Surgery, 80, 22 Suzuki, 1977, Cell cycle dependency of metastatic lung colony formation, Cancer Res., 37, 3690 Suzuki, 1978, DNA content, cell size, and malignancy, Proc. AACR, 19, 186 Swabb, 1974, Diffusion and convection in normal and neoplastic tissues, Cancer Res., 34, 2814 Sylvén, 1976, Biochemical Factors Accompanying Growth and Invasion, 267 Sylvén, 1968, Lysosomal enzyme activity in the interstitial fluid of solid mouse tumour transplants, Eur. J. Cancer, 4, 463, 10.1016/0014-2964(68)90002-9 Takahashi, 1915, An experimental study of metastasis, J. Pathol. Bacteriol., 20, 1, 10.1002/path.1700200102 Tanaka, 1977, Tumor Metastasis and Thrombosis, with Special Reference to Thromboplastic and Fibrinolytic Activities of Tumor Cells, 97 Tannock, 1968, The relation between cell proliferation and the vascular system in a transplanted mouse mammary tumor, Br. J. Cancer, 22, 258, 10.1038/bjc.1968.34 Tannock, 1969, Quantitative techniques for the study of the anatomy and function of small blood vessels in tumors, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 42, 771 Temple, W. J., Sugarbaker, E. V. S., Thornthwaite, J. T., and Ketcham, A. S.: The effect of tumor-associated antigen on spontaneous metastasis and concomitant immunity (in preparation). Thomlinson, 1955, The histological structure of some human lung cancers and the possible implications for radiotherapy, Br. J. Cancer, 9, 539, 10.1038/bjc.1955.55 Tyzzer, 1913, Factors in the production and growth of tumor metastases, J. Med. Res., 28, 309 Vaage, 1973, Humoral and cellular immune factors in the systemic control of artificially induced metastases in C3Hf mice, Cancer Res., 33, 1957 Vaage, 1977, Host Serum Factors in Immune Resistance to Metastases, 305 Veronesi, 1977, Inefficacy of immediate node dissection in Stage I melanoma of the limbs, New Engl. J. Med., 297, 627, 10.1056/NEJM197709222971202 Virchow, 1863, 219 Warren, 1972, The adhesion of thromboplastic tumour emboli to vessel walls in vivo, Br. J. Exp. Pathol., 53, 301 Warren, 1973, Environment of the blood-borne tumor embolus adherent to vessel wall, J. Med., 4, 150 Warren, 1966, The growth of the blood supply to melanoma transplants in the hamster cheek pouch, Lab. Invest., 15, 464 Warren, 1936, The fate of intravenously injected tumor cells, Am. J. Cancer, 27, 485, 10.1158/ajc.1936.485 Weiss, 1977, Cell Detachment and Metastasis, 25 Weiss, 1964, Studies on cellular adhesion in tissue culture. VII. Surface activity and cell detachment, Exp. Cell. Res., 33, 277, 10.1016/S0014-4827(64)81033-8 Weiss, 1976, Cell Deformability: Some General Considerations, 305 Weiss, 1974, The influence of host immunity on the arrest of circulating cancer cells, and its modification by neuraminidase, Int. J. Cancer, 13, 850, 10.1002/ijc.2910130612 Weiss, 1969, Some effects of hypervitaminosis A on metastasis of spontaneous breast cancer in mice, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 43, 1045 Wilder, 1956, The historical development of the concept of metastasis, J. Mt. Sinai Hosp., 23, 728 Winkelhake, 1976, Determination of adhesive properties of variant metastatic melanoma cells to BALB/3T3 cells and their virus-transformed derivatives by a monolayer attachment assay, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 56, 285, 10.1093/jnci/56.2.285 Wood, 1978, T-Lymphocytes and macrophages in primary murine fibrosarcomas at different stages in their progression, Cancer Res., 38, 1857 Wood, 1964, Experimental studies of the intravascular dissemination of ascitic V2 carcinoma cells in the rabbit, with special reference to fibrinogen and fibrinolytic agents, Bull. Schweiz. Akad. Med. Wiss., 20, 92 Wyn-Williams, 1977, Human cancer and other transplants in the “nude” mouse, J. Pathol., 122, 225, 10.1002/path.1711220407 Yamanishi, 1973, Collagenolytic activity in malignant melanoma: physiochemical studies, Cancer Res., 33, 2507 Zeidman, 1954, Experimental studies on the spread of cancer in the lymphatic system, Cancer Res., 14, 403 Zeidman, 1961, The fate of circulating tumor cells. I. Passage of cell through capillaries, Cancer Res., 21, 38 Zeidman, 1965, Comparison of metastatic growth produced by tumor cell emboli in veins and lymphatics, Cancer Res., 25, 324