Cancer Stemness, Immune Cells, and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Cooperatively Predict Prognosis in Colorectal Carcinoma

Tlsty, 2006, Tumor stroma and regulation of cancer development, Annu Rev Pathol, 1, 119, 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100224

Clarke, 2006, Cancer stem cells—perspectives on current status and future directions: AACR workshop on cancer stem cells, Cancer Res, 66, 9339, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3126

Nguyen, 2012, Cancer stem cells: an evolving concept, Nat Rev Cancer, 12, 133, 10.1038/nrc3184

Korkaya, 2011, Breast cancer stem cells, cytokine networks, and the tumor microenvironment, J Clin Invest, 121, 3804, 10.1172/JCI57099

Bruttel, 2014, Cancer stem cell immunology: key to understanding tumorigenesis and tumor immune escape?, Front Immunol, 5, 360, 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00360

Kise, 2016, Tumor microenvironment for cancer stem cells, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 99, 197, 10.1016/j.addr.2015.08.005

Kalluri, 2009, The basics of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, J Clin Invest, 119, 1420, 10.1172/JCI39104

Scheel, 2012, Cancer stem cells and epithelial–mesenchymal transition: concepts and molecular links, Semin Cancer Biol, 22, 396, 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.04.001

Park, 2015, Evaluation of a tumor microenvironment-based prognostic score in primary operable colorectal cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 21, 882, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-1686

Saito, 2013, CD44v6 expression is related to mesenchymal phenotype and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, Oncol Rep, 29, 1570, 10.3892/or.2013.2273

Kahlert, 2012, Expression analysis of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) in colon and rectal cancer in association with prognosis and response to chemotherapy, Ann Surg Oncol, 19, 4193, 10.1245/s10434-012-2518-9

Meng, 2010, Over-expression of Nanog predicts tumor progression and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, Cancer Biol Ther, 9, 295, 10.4161/cbt.9.4.10666

He, 2014, Expression of Lgr5, a marker of intestinal stem cells, in colorectal cancer and its clinicopathological significance, Biomed Pharmacother, 68, 507, 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.03.016

Kreso, 2014, Evolution of the cancer stem cell model, Cell Stem Cell, 14, 275, 10.1016/j.stem.2014.02.006

Plaks, 2015, The cancer stem cell niche: how essential is the niche in regulating stemness of tumor cells?, Cell Stem Cell, 16, 225, 10.1016/j.stem.2015.02.015

Oskarsson, 2014, Metastatic stem cells: sources, niches, and vital pathways, Cell Stem Cell, 14, 306, 10.1016/j.stem.2014.02.002

Amsterdam, 2013, LGR5 and Nanog identify stem cell signature of pancreas beta cells which initiate pancreatic cancer, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 433, 157, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.038

Luo, 2012, ALDH1A isozymes are markers of human melanoma stem cells and potential therapeutic targets, Stem Cells, 30, 2100, 10.1002/stem.1193

Todaro, 2014, CD44v6 is a marker of constitutive and reprogrammed cancer stem cells driving colon cancer metastasis, Cell Stem Cell, 14, 342, 10.1016/j.stem.2014.01.009

Lugli, 2010, Prognostic impact of the expression of putative cancer stem cell markers CD133, CD166, CD44s, EpCAM, and ALDH1 in colorectal cancer, Br J Cancer, 103, 382, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605762

Dalerba, 2007, Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 10158, 10.1073/pnas.0703478104

Yao, 2016, IGF/STAT3/NANOG/Slug signaling axis simultaneously controls epithelial–mesenchymal transition and stemness maintenance in colorectal cancer, Stem Cells, 34, 820, 10.1002/stem.2320

Yang, 2015, LGR5 promotes breast cancer progression and maintains stem-like cells through activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, Stem Cells, 33, 2913, 10.1002/stem.2083

Cojoc, 2015, Aldehyde dehydrogenase is regulated by beta-catenin/TCF and promotes radioresistance in prostate cancer progenitor cells, Cancer Res, 75, 1482, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-1924

Huynh, 2016, CD90(+) stromal cells are the major source of IL-6, which supports cancer stem-like cells and inflammation in colorectal cancer, Int J Cancer, 138, 1971, 10.1002/ijc.29939

Wei, 2010, Glioblastoma cancer-initiating cells inhibit T-cell proliferation and effector responses by the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 pathway, Mol Cancer Ther, 9, 67, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0734

Wu, 2010, Glioma cancer stem cells induce immunosuppressive macrophages/microglia, Neurooncology, 12, 1113

Zhou, 2015, Periostin secreted by glioblastoma stem cells recruits M2 tumour-associated macrophages and promotes malignant growth, Nat Cell Biol, 17, 170, 10.1038/ncb3090

Sarkar, 2013, Therapeutic activation of macrophages and microglia to suppress brain tumor–initiating cells, Ann Neurosci, 20, 154, 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200407

Kryczek, 2014, IL-22(+)CD4(+) T cells promote colorectal cancer stemness via STAT3 transcription factor activation and induction of the methyltransferase DOT1L, Immunity, 40, 772, 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.010

Huang, 2016, Modulation of macrophage polarization and lung cancer cell stemness by MUC1 and development of a related small-molecule inhibitor pterostilbene, Oncotarget, 7, 39363, 10.18632/oncotarget.8101

Algars, 2012, Type and location of tumor-infiltrating macrophages and lymphatic vessels predict survival of colorectal cancer patients, Int J Cancer, 131, 864, 10.1002/ijc.26457

Yu, 2006, Tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes: friends or foes?, Lab Invest, 86, 231, 10.1038/labinvest.3700389

Mani, 2008, The epithelial–mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells, Cell, 133, 704, 10.1016/j.cell.2008.03.027

Padua, 2009, Roles of TGFbeta in metastasis, Cell Res, 19, 89, 10.1038/cr.2008.316

Moustakas, 2007, Signaling networks guiding epithelial–mesenchymal transitions during embryogenesis and cancer progression, Cancer Sci, 98, 1512, 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00550.x

Bellomo, 2016, Transforming growth factor β as regulator of cancer stemness and metastasis, Br J Cancer, 115, 761, 10.1038/bjc.2016.255

Yang, 2009, Comprehensive analysis of the independent effect of twist and snail in promoting metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatology, 50, 1464, 10.1002/hep.23221

Guinney, 2015, The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer, Nat Med, 21, 1350, 10.1038/nm.3967

Ziskin, 2013, In situ validation of an intestinal stem cell signature in colorectal cancer, Gut, 62, 1012, 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301195

Sun, 2009, In pursuit of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein–coupled receptor-5 regulation and function in the uterus, Endocrinology, 150, 5065, 10.1210/en.2009-0690